Remove the legacy heap region from snapshots by ludfjig · Pull Request #1968 · hyperlight-dev/hyperlight

ludfjig · 2026-10-21T18:10:33Z

Remove the fixed-size guest heap region from sandbox memory. It held only zeros, and the first write to each page copied it into scratch anyway. The guest now maps each heap page from scratch on first touch, as it does for stack pages. Snapshots no longer carry the zero-filled region, and the heap is bounded only by scratch.

Each first write to a heap page no longer copies a zero page out of the snapshot, which speeds up all guest workloads that allocate.

Please review commit by commit.

Closes #1697

details

At init the guest claims a fixed 512 GiB virtual range with talc. The page fault handler maps a fresh scratch page on each heap page's first touch, so untouched pages cost nothing.
This replaces a copy-on-write fault that also copied a 4 KiB zero page, made the host populate it, and flushed the TLB entry.
Heap pages written since the last snapshot use scratch, shared with the stack, page tables and transport. Allocations can exceed scratch. A write that needs a page when scratch is full aborts the guest with MallocFailed.
executable_heap stays a host feature. The guest sets the heap's execute permission in its own page tables, as the host did before. The hypervisor never enforced it, so a malicious guest can circumvent it. We could consider removing the feature, since it adds little security. See Consider removing executable_heap host cargo feature #2003.

Alternatives considered

ZeroInit page-table entries for the heap. Rejected for performance, and because it needs a fixed heap size again. The marker exists only on 4 KiB leaf entries, so all of the heap's page tables exist up front, 1/512 of the heap size. Every snapshot captures them and every restore copies them into scratch. First touch is also slower, because the fault handler walks the page tables to find the marker instead of checking a range.

Breaking changes

SandboxConfiguration::set_heap_size, SandboxConfiguration::DEFAULT_HEAP_SIZE, SandboxBuilder::heap_size and SandboxBuilder::get_heap_size are removed. Size scratch for the guest's heap use.
Running out of memory aborts the guest with MallocFailed on the write that needs a page. Allocations no longer return null, and Rust guests no longer panic with memory allocation of N bytes failed.
Snapshots use ABI 9 and config schema v5. Existing snapshots must be regenerated. Goldens move to v9.0.
HyperlightPEB::guest_heap is removed.

Benchmarks

Compared to the PR below. MSHV runs Linux 6.6.137.mshv2-5 and 6.6.100.mshv1-2. KVM runs Linux 6.17.

Each size keeps the PR below's scratch and drops its heap of 128 KiB, 8, 64 or 256 MiB. This PR then redefines the sizes as 8, 64 and 256 MiB of scratch. heap_first_touch is new. It writes half of 8, 64 or 256 MiB of scratch, and the PR below gets a heap as large as scratch.

Benchmark	MSHV 6.6.137	MSHV 6.6.100	KVM
`guest_calls/heap_first_touch/medium`	15.6 ms → 6.43 ms (−59%)	8.92 ms → 6.11 ms (−31%)	137 ms → 67.5 ms (−51%)
`guest_calls/heap_first_touch/large`	101 ms → 28 ms (−72%)	37 ms → 25.2 ms (−32%)	538 ms → 271 ms (−50%)
`guest_functions_with_large_parameters/guest_call_with_large_parameters`	179 ms → 92.7 ms (−48%)	83.4 ms → 66 ms (−21%)	870 ms → 560 ms (−36%)
`sandboxes/create_initialized/large`	8.14 ms → 1.71 ms (−79%)	30 ms → 1.76 ms (−94%)	3.42 ms → 2.52 ms (−26%)
`sandboxes/sandbox_from_snapshot/large`	6.21 ms → 709 µs (−89%)	97.3 ms → 1.14 ms (−99%)	1.01 ms → 798 µs (−21%)
`snapshots/create/large`	1.65 ms → 329 µs (−80%)	1.71 ms → 257 µs (−85%)	1.59 ms → 220 µs (−86%)
`snapshot_files/save_snapshot/large`	264 ms → 869 µs (−99.7%)	267 ms → 861 µs (−99.7%)	2.41 s → 39.8 ms (−98%)
`snapshot_files/cold_start_via_snapshot/large`	203 ms → 2.04 ms (−99%)	291 ms → 2.09 ms (−99%)	191 ms → 2.54 ms (−99%)

6.6.137 populates the old heap region on first touch and 6.6.100 at sandbox creation, so first touch gains more on 6.6.137 and creation gains more on 6.6.100.

Regressions (not really when compared to main before this stack!)

Benchmark	MSHV 6.6.137	MSHV 6.6.100	KVM	Cause
`snapshots/create/default`	230 µs → 252 µs (+10%)	231 µs → 251 µs (+9%)	252 µs → 267 µs (+6%)	Likely the heap's own page tables. Init writes both ends of the 512 GiB heap range, which needs 5 page-table pages that capture walks and rebuilds
`snapshot_files/cold_start_via_snapshot_unverified/default`	1.37 ms → 1.67 ms (+22%)	1.44 ms → 1.36 ms (−6%)	2.13 ms → 2.19 ms (+3%)	Likely the same page tables. Restore copies them into fresh scratch, and each fresh page faults on KVM and MSHV 6.6.137

WHP and aarch64 were not benchmarked.

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3 open issues

Using Ordering::Relaxed to publish HEAP_EXECUTABLE is risky because the value is consumed from… · New
Using Ordering::Relaxed to publish HEAP_EXECUTABLE is risky because the value is consumed from… · New
The variable name init_data_offset here is misleading: this value is the offset after pushing the… · New

What changed in this PR

Removes the legacy fixed-size guest heap region from snapshot memory and switches the guest to mapping heap pages from scratch on first touch, reducing snapshot size and improving performance.

Changes:

Removes heap-size configuration and updates tests/fixtures/benchmarks to size by scratch instead.
Bumps snapshot ABI to 8 and config schema media type to v5, updating goldens and versioning docs.
Updates guest fault handling to map heap pages from scratch on demand and propagates heap executability via a PEB flag.

File	Description
src/tests/rust_guests/simpleguest/src/main.rs	Updates guest OOM/exhaustion behavior to reflect scratch-backed heap semantics.
src/hyperlight_testing/src/lib.rs	Renames benchmark/test size constants from heap sizes to scratch sizes and adjusts types.
src/hyperlight_host/tests/snapshot_goldens/goldens_version.rs	Bumps goldens version to v8.0 for the new snapshot ABI/schema.
src/hyperlight_host/tests/snapshot_goldens/fixtures.rs	Removes heap sizing from golden snapshot config fixture.
src/hyperlight_host/tests/sandbox_host_tests.rs	Updates leak-related tests to constrain scratch rather than heap.
src/hyperlight_host/tests/integration_test.rs	Updates integration tests to assert scratch exhaustion aborts with `MallocFailed`.
src/hyperlight_host/src/sandbox/uninitialized.rs	Updates sandbox/snapshot tests to remove heap sizing and validate scratch-only layout behavior.
src/hyperlight_host/src/sandbox/snapshot/tripwires.rs	Bumps expected ABI/schema and updates invariant commentary around layout offsets.
src/hyperlight_host/src/sandbox/snapshot/file_tests.rs	Updates snapshot file tests for schema v5 and ABI 8; removes heap layout assertions.
src/hyperlight_host/src/sandbox/snapshot/file/mod.rs	Updates loader to accept config v5 only and removes heap from persisted layout reconstruction.
src/hyperlight_host/src/sandbox/snapshot/file/media_types.rs	Adds config v5 media type and bumps snapshot ABI version to 8.
src/hyperlight_host/src/sandbox/snapshot/file/config.rs	Removes heap_size from config schema/layout and updates schema pins/validation.
src/hyperlight_host/src/sandbox/initialized.rs	Removes heap override propagation from snapshots and updates tests to size by scratch.
src/hyperlight_host/src/sandbox/config.rs	Removes heap size configuration API; clarifies scratch semantics and updates tests.
src/hyperlight_host/src/sandbox/builder.rs	Removes heap_size builder APIs; updates docs to show scratch sizing.
src/hyperlight_host/src/mem/mgr.rs	Updates memory manager tests to use scratch sizing constants (no heap sizing).
src/hyperlight_host/src/mem/layout.rs	Removes heap region from snapshot memory layout; updates offsets/PEB contents accordingly.
src/hyperlight_host/src/hypervisor/mod.rs	Adjusts initialise test parameters now that heap region assumptions are gone.
src/hyperlight_host/examples/map-file-cow-test/main.rs	Removes heap sizing from example; relies on scratch sizing only.
src/hyperlight_host/benches/benchmarks.rs	Re-keys benchmark configurations to scratch sizes and adds `heap_first_touch` benchmark.
src/hyperlight_guest_bin/src/lib.rs	Claims a fixed virtual heap range and reads heap executability from the PEB.
src/hyperlight_guest_bin/src/arch/amd64/layout.rs	Adds a static assert to ensure heap range doesn’t overlap processor control.
src/hyperlight_guest_bin/src/arch/amd64/exception/handle.rs	Maps heap pages from scratch on first touch; supports executable heap via PEB flag.
src/hyperlight_guest_bin/src/arch/aarch64/exception/handle.rs	Same as amd64: scratch-backed heap faults with executable flag support.
src/hyperlight_guest/src/layout.rs	Exposes heap virtual range constants and asserts no overlap with transport/stack.
src/hyperlight_guest/src/arch/amd64/layout.rs	Defines 512GiB-aligned heap virtual range for amd64.
src/hyperlight_guest/src/arch/aarch64/layout.rs	Defines 512GiB-aligned heap virtual range for aarch64.
src/hyperlight_common/src/mem.rs	Replaces PEB heap region field with a heap executability flag.
fuzz/fuzz_targets/host_call.rs	Removes heap sizing from fuzz target configuration.
docs/snapshot-versioning.md	Documents ABI 8/config v5 and notes heap region removal from snapshot memory.
docs/snapshot-oci-format.md	Updates config media type reference to v5.
docs/hyperlight-execution-details.md	Updates lifecycle docs to describe scratch-backed stack+heap mapping.
CHANGELOG.md	Records breaking changes: ABI/schema bump and removal of heap sizing APIs.

_{Review effort: Lite}

dummyguest halts only when it receives its expected PEB address and seed. Otherwise it reads 0x8000 to force an exit. The test passed a dummy PEB address and seed, so it relied on 0x8000 being mapped, which held only because that address fell inside the guest heap region. Signed-off-by: Ludvig Liljenberg <4257730+ludfjig@users.noreply.github.com>

A not-present fault in the stack range always maps a fresh scratch page, so the page table walk in virt_to_phys is wasted work. Check the range first and walk only for faults outside it. Signed-off-by: Ludvig Liljenberg <4257730+ludfjig@users.noreply.github.com>

The guest heap is a fixed 512 GiB virtual range. Guest init claims the whole range with talc, and the page fault handler maps each heap page from scratch on first touch, the same way it maps stack pages. Heap memory is bounded by scratch rather than a fixed heap size, and untouched heap pages cost nothing. The host publishes the executable heap policy in the scratch-top metadata, and the PEB drops the heap address and size. Signed-off-by: Ludvig Liljenberg <4257730+ludfjig@users.noreply.github.com>

The guest maps heap pages from scratch on first touch, so the host no longer reserves a zero-filled heap region in snapshot memory. This removes SandboxConfiguration::set_heap_size, DEFAULT_HEAP_SIZE, and SandboxBuilder::heap_size and get_heap_size. Scratch is the only guest memory setting. Snapshots no longer carry up to hundreds of MiB of zero pages, which speeds up sandbox creation and snapshot capture, save, and load. Signed-off-by: Ludvig Liljenberg <4257730+ludfjig@users.noreply.github.com>

Snapshot memory no longer contains a heap region, and the PEB drops the heap address and size. The scratch-top metadata carries the executable heap policy. The config schema drops the heap size. This is a hard break. Loaders reject config v4 and older, and the goldens move to v9.0. Signed-off-by: Ludvig Liljenberg <4257730+ludfjig@users.noreply.github.com>

Tests that sized the heap now size scratch. Allocation succeeds beyond scratch, and the guest aborts with MallocFailed when a write needs a page and scratch is full, so heap exhaustion tests expect that abort. FillHeapAndCauseException is removed because the heap can no longer run out before scratch does. The shared sandbox sizes in hyperlight-testing become scratch sizes. Signed-off-by: Ludvig Liljenberg <4257730+ludfjig@users.noreply.github.com>

Benchmark sandbox sizes set scratch, which is the only guest memory setting. The small, medium, and large variants use 8, 64, and 256 MiB of scratch. heap_first_touch measures writes to heap the guest has not touched since the last restore. Each variant writes half its scratch. The default size is skipped because fixed reservations take most of its scratch. Signed-off-by: Ludvig Liljenberg <4257730+ludfjig@users.noreply.github.com>

hyperlight-gh-bot · 2026-10-31T00:14:30Z

Benchmark Results

Measured commit: 94f50e6a8394
Baseline commit: 767aac222fc2

kvm / amd (Linux) (➖ stable)

No benchmark improved or regressed.

Benchmark Results

function_call_codec

	`decode_vec_bytes_copy`	`encode_control`
	`373.17 µs` (➖ 1.00x faster)
`byte_chunks`		`745.41 ns` (➖ 1.03x faster)
`vec_bytes`		`585.33 ns` (➖ 1.03x faster)

payload_allocation

	`slot_pool_segmented`
`65536`	`142.44 ns` (➖ 1.00x slower)
`262144`	`520.79 ns` (➖ 1.00x faster)

sandboxes

	`create_initialized_and_drop`
`medium`	`13.48 ms` (➖ 1.01x faster)

slot_pool

	`alloc_dealloc_4096`	`alloc_dealloc_128`	`alloc_dealloc_1500`
	`7.68 ns` (➖ 1.00x faster)	`7.69 ns` (➖ 1.00x faster)	`7.79 ns` (➖ 1.01x faster)

snapshot_files

	`load_snapshot_unverified`
`small`	`116.73 µs` (➖ 1.00x slower)

virtq_readonly

	`slot_pool_segmented`	`slot_pool_segmented_fragmented`
`65536`	`1.93 µs` (➖ 1.08x faster)	`2.07 µs` (➖ 1.08x slower)
`262144`	`6.99 µs` (➖ 1.02x faster)	`7.16 µs` (➖ 1.02x slower)

virtq_readwrite

	`slot_pool_segmented`	`slot_pool_segmented_fragmented`
`8192`	`1.02 µs` (➖ 1.00x faster)	`1.01 µs` (➖ 1.00x faster)
`65536`	`6.16 µs` (➖ 1.03x faster)	`6.18 µs` (➖ 1.03x faster)
`262144`	`28.04 µs` (➖ 1.04x slower)

kvm / intel (Linux) (➖ stable)

No benchmark improved or regressed.

Benchmark Results

function_call_codec

	`decode_vec_bytes_copy`	`encode_control`
	`656.14 µs` (➖ 1.00x faster)
`byte_chunks`		`677.60 ns` (➖ 1.03x slower)
`vec_bytes`		`512.29 ns` (➖ 1.01x faster)

payload_allocation

	`slot_pool_segmented`
`65536`	`171.04 ns` (➖ 1.00x faster)
`262144`	`495.56 ns` (➖ 1.00x slower)

sandboxes

	`create_initialized_and_drop`
`medium`	`14.78 ms` (➖ 1.04x faster)

slot_pool

	`alloc_dealloc_4096`	`alloc_dealloc_128`	`alloc_dealloc_1500`
	`6.77 ns` (➖ 1.01x faster)	`6.76 ns` (➖ 1.00x faster)	`6.79 ns` (➖ 1.00x faster)

snapshot_files

	`load_snapshot_unverified`
`small`	`56.46 µs` (➖ 1.02x faster)

virtq_readonly

	`slot_pool_segmented`	`slot_pool_segmented_fragmented`
`65536`	`2.12 µs` (➖ 1.00x slower)	`2.12 µs` (➖ 1.01x faster)
`262144`	`7.48 µs` (➖ 1.00x faster)	`7.50 µs` (➖ 1.00x slower)

virtq_readwrite

	`slot_pool_segmented`	`slot_pool_segmented_fragmented`
`8192`	`720.80 ns` (➖ 1.02x slower)	`710.37 ns` (➖ 1.02x faster)
`65536`	`7.02 µs` (➖ 1.01x faster)	`7.02 µs` (➖ 1.01x faster)
`262144`	`28.97 µs` (➖ 1.09x faster)

mshv3 / amd (Linux) (➖ stable)

No benchmark improved or regressed.

Benchmark Results

function_call_codec

	`decode_vec_bytes_copy`	`encode_control`
	`376.87 µs` (➖ 1.06x slower)
`byte_chunks`		`941.49 ns` (➖ 1.05x faster)
`vec_bytes`		`724.68 ns` (➖ 1.03x faster)

payload_allocation

	`slot_pool_segmented`
`65536`	`191.32 ns` (➖ 1.01x faster)
`262144`	`725.98 ns` (➖ 1.00x faster)

sandboxes

	`create_initialized_and_drop`
`medium`	`67.36 ms` (➖ 1.01x slower)

slot_pool

	`alloc_dealloc_4096`	`alloc_dealloc_128`	`alloc_dealloc_1500`
	`9.79 ns` (➖ 1.02x faster)	`9.75 ns` (➖ 1.01x slower)	`10.06 ns` (➖ 1.04x slower)

snapshot_files

	`load_snapshot_unverified`
`small`	`104.13 µs` (➖ 1.03x faster)

virtq_readonly

	`slot_pool_segmented`	`slot_pool_segmented_fragmented`
`65536`	`2.22 µs` (➖ 1.01x faster)	`2.41 µs` (➖ 1.02x faster)
`262144`	`9.58 µs` (➖ 1.02x faster)	`10.96 µs` (➖ 1.04x slower)

virtq_readwrite

	`slot_pool_segmented`	`slot_pool_segmented_fragmented`
`8192`	`1.25 µs` (➖ 1.06x slower)	`1.31 µs` (➖ 1.05x slower)
`65536`	`8.24 µs` (➖ 1.15x faster)	`8.05 µs` (➖ 1.20x faster)
`262144`	`36.29 µs` (➖ 1.06x faster)

mshv3 / intel (Linux) (➖ stable)

No benchmark improved or regressed.

Benchmark Results

function_call_codec

	`decode_vec_bytes_copy`	`encode_control`
	`640.16 µs` (➖ 1.21x faster)
`byte_chunks`		`928.72 ns` (➖ 1.01x faster)
`vec_bytes`		`649.71 ns` (➖ 1.03x faster)

payload_allocation

	`slot_pool_segmented`
`65536`	`253.26 ns` (➖ 1.02x faster)
`262144`	`840.77 ns` (➖ 1.27x slower)

sandboxes

	`create_initialized_and_drop`
`medium`	`76.16 ms` (➖ 1.04x slower)

slot_pool

	`alloc_dealloc_4096`	`alloc_dealloc_128`	`alloc_dealloc_1500`
	`8.74 ns` (➖ 1.00x slower)	`8.69 ns` (➖ 1.01x faster)	`8.78 ns` (➖ 1.01x slower)

snapshot_files

	`load_snapshot_unverified`
`small`	`55.24 µs` (➖ 1.07x faster)

virtq_readonly

	`slot_pool_segmented`	`slot_pool_segmented_fragmented`
`65536`	`2.31 µs` (➖ 1.02x slower)	`2.28 µs` (➖ 1.01x slower)
`262144`	`7.93 µs` (➖ 1.00x slower)	`7.93 µs` (➖ 1.01x faster)

virtq_readwrite

	`slot_pool_segmented`	`slot_pool_segmented_fragmented`
`8192`	`891.89 ns` (➖ 1.03x faster)	`915.18 ns` (➖ 1.00x faster)
`65536`	`7.51 µs` (➖ 1.00x slower)	`7.52 µs` (➖ 1.05x faster)
`262144`	`36.57 µs` (➖ 1.05x faster)

hyperv-ws2025 / amd (Windows) (➖ stable)

No benchmark improved or regressed.

Benchmark Results

function_call_codec

	`decode_vec_bytes_copy`	`encode_control`
	`1.98 ms` (➖ 1.03x slower)
`byte_chunks`		`1.19 µs` (➖ 1.01x faster)
`vec_bytes`		`838.50 ns` (➖ 1.07x slower)

payload_allocation

	`slot_pool_segmented`
`65536`	`232.82 ns` (➖ 1.02x slower)
`262144`	`793.58 ns` (➖ 1.01x slower)

sandboxes

	`create_initialized_and_drop`
`medium`	`11.68 ms` (➖ 1.07x slower)

slot_pool

	`alloc_dealloc_4096`	`alloc_dealloc_128`	`alloc_dealloc_1500`
	`11.16 ns` (➖ 1.12x slower)	`10.97 ns` (➖ 1.10x slower)	`10.34 ns` (➖ 1.05x slower)

snapshot_files

	`load_snapshot_unverified`
`small`	`760.18 µs` (➖ 1.23x faster)

virtq_readonly

	`slot_pool_segmented`	`slot_pool_segmented_fragmented`
`65536`	`2.68 µs` (➖ 1.06x slower)	`2.37 µs` (➖ 1.20x faster)
`262144`	`9.38 µs` (➖ 1.02x faster)	`9.10 µs` (➖ 1.06x faster)

virtq_readwrite

	`slot_pool_segmented`	`slot_pool_segmented_fragmented`
`8192`	`1.28 µs` (➖ 1.14x faster)	`1.31 µs` (➖ 1.03x slower)
`65536`	`9.18 µs` (➖ 1.03x faster)	`8.63 µs` (➖ 1.07x faster)
`262144`	`38.72 µs` (➖ 1.01x faster)

hyperv-ws2025 / intel (Windows) (➖ stable)

No benchmark improved or regressed.

Benchmark Results

function_call_codec

	`decode_vec_bytes_copy`	`encode_control`
	`3.08 ms` (➖ 1.01x faster)
`byte_chunks`		`1.18 µs` (➖ 1.01x faster)
`vec_bytes`		`786.75 ns` (➖ 1.01x slower)

payload_allocation

	`slot_pool_segmented`
`65536`	`211.98 ns` (➖ 1.01x slower)
`262144`	`744.71 ns` (➖ 1.00x slower)

sandboxes

	`create_initialized_and_drop`
`medium`	`14.11 ms` (➖ 1.07x faster)

slot_pool

	`alloc_dealloc_4096`	`alloc_dealloc_128`	`alloc_dealloc_1500`
	`10.02 ns` (➖ 1.00x faster)	`10.15 ns` (➖ 1.04x slower)	`9.63 ns` (➖ 1.00x slower)

snapshot_files

	`load_snapshot_unverified`
`small`	`692.20 µs` (➖ 1.00x slower)

virtq_readonly

	`slot_pool_segmented`	`slot_pool_segmented_fragmented`
`65536`	`2.46 µs` (➖ 1.05x slower)	`2.33 µs` (➖ 1.00x slower)
`262144`	`7.48 µs` (➖ 1.02x faster)	`7.68 µs` (➖ 1.02x slower)

virtq_readwrite

	`slot_pool_segmented`	`slot_pool_segmented_fragmented`
`8192`	`1.09 µs` (➖ 1.03x slower)	`1.19 µs` (➖ 1.12x slower)
`65536`	`8.49 µs` (➖ 1.11x faster)	`8.28 µs` (➖ 1.00x faster)
`262144`	`42.32 µs` (➖ 1.20x faster)

_{Reported by cargo ci bench-report --candidate run:41145183805 --config-file bench_report.toml.}

ludfjig added area/performance Addresses performance kind/refactor For PRs that restructure or remove code without adding new functionality. area/API Related to the API or public interface regen-goldens Regenerate snapshot golden fixtures labels Oct 21, 2026

ludfjig changed the title ~~Map guest heap pages on first touch~~ Remove the legacy heap region from snapshots Oct 21, 2026

ludfjig added this pull request to stack #1929 October 21, 2026 18:14

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ludfjig marked this pull request as ready for review October 23, 2026 21:25

ludfjig requested review from andreiltd, danbugs, dblnz, devigned, jprendes, jsturtevant, simongdavies, squillace and syntactically as code owners October 23, 2026 21:25

Copilot AI balanced review requested due to automatic review settings October 23, 2026 21:25

Copilot AI reviewed Oct 23, 2026

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Comment thread src/hyperlight_guest_bin/src/lib.rs Resolved

Comment thread src/hyperlight_guest_bin/src/lib.rs Resolved

Comment thread src/hyperlight_host/src/mem/layout.rs Resolved

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Benchmarks

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hyperlight-gh-bot Bot commented Oct 31, 2026

Benchmark Results

Benchmark Results

function_call_codec

payload_allocation

sandboxes

slot_pool

snapshot_files

virtq_readonly

virtq_readwrite

Benchmark Results

function_call_codec

payload_allocation

sandboxes

slot_pool

snapshot_files

virtq_readonly

virtq_readwrite

Benchmark Results

function_call_codec

payload_allocation

sandboxes

slot_pool

snapshot_files

virtq_readonly

virtq_readwrite

Benchmark Results

function_call_codec

payload_allocation

sandboxes

slot_pool

snapshot_files

virtq_readonly

virtq_readwrite

Benchmark Results

function_call_codec

payload_allocation

sandboxes

slot_pool

snapshot_files

virtq_readonly

virtq_readwrite

Benchmark Results

function_call_codec

payload_allocation

sandboxes

slot_pool

snapshot_files

virtq_readonly

virtq_readwrite

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ludfjig commented Oct 21, 2026 •

edited

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