From 87a3adabd085308b1ce99df630033b545a29ae4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nikhil Singh <30321610+nikhils4@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Oct 2018 00:26:19 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 01/75] Updated spelling of any

---
 CONTRIBUTING.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 071fd27..c64af25 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # What You Waiting For Fork it!
 Feel free to fork the repository and make changes!
 If you feel there is need to change something pull request!
-I'll check and review the changed program if it adds anu value to the repo i'll definitely merge it!
+I'll check and review the changed program if it adds any value to the repo i'll definitely merge it!

From 56d36e35f02620402c0905deb1135de01004d940 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sam Redmond <samredmondtech@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Oct 2018 12:41:21 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 02/75] Added comments and error handling

Added more comments for beginners to understand, added Python 3 support and made a function.
---
 shell_games/number_guessing_game.py | 60 +++++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/shell_games/number_guessing_game.py b/shell_games/number_guessing_game.py
index 1f428ba..44aee9f 100644
--- a/shell_games/number_guessing_game.py
+++ b/shell_games/number_guessing_game.py
@@ -1,40 +1,50 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+from random import randint
 
-from random import randint as r_int 
+MAX_ = 500 # Specify biggest possible value from random number generation
 
-# generates a random number
-# in inclusive list from 0 to 10
-n = r_int(0, 10) 
-print("Hint: number is between 0 to 10 including 0 and 10\n")
+# Asks user for a guess and returns this when successful
+def get_guess():
+	while True:                                         # Run forever, until broken
+		try:                                            # Try the following, if fails, run the except statment
+			user_input = int(input("Guess a number: ")) # Get user input and covert it to an int (number)
+			break                                       # If the input can be converted, break the loop
+		except ValueError:                              # This runs if the input could not be converted - text was entered
+			print("Enter a number!\n")                  # Tell them to enter a number, then run loop again
+	return user_input                                   # Return value when loop broken
 
+num_to_guess = randint(0, MAX_) # Generates a random number between 0 and value of MAX_
+print("Welcome to my random number guessing game!\nGuess a number between 0 and ", MAX_, "\n")
 
 while True:
-	usr = int(raw_input("Guess a number: "))
-   
-	# Make sure user got the hint
-	if usr <= 10 and usr >= 0:
+	guess = get_guess()
+	if guess >= 0 and guess <= MAX_: # Check if guess between 0 and max
 
-		# if correct
-		if usr == n:
+		# Correct number!
+		if guess == num_to_guess:
 			print("That's a correct guess!\nYou got it!\n")
 			break
 
-		# brings user closer to answer
-		elif usr < n:
-			print("Try a bigger num!")
+		# Incorrect - give hint
+		elif guess < num_to_guess:
+			print("Try a bigger num!")  # Number to small
 		else:
-			print("Try a smaller num!")
+			print("Try a smaller num!") # Number to big
 
+	# Number is not in range
 	else:
-		print("Pls read the hint!")
+		print("Enter a number in between 0 and ", MAX_) 
 	
-	# Continue till guess does not match 'n'
-	# the random number
 	print("")
-	continue
 
-# Is an infinite loop if usr keeps guessing wrong
-# an extra loop can be added to play game as long as user wants
-# or can play number of times the user entered!
-# Also can be made more harder to play
+'''
+
+*Challenge*
+
+	 1) Can you give the user the option to Play Again? 
+	  - if yes, the game will reset - including the random number
+
+	 2) Try count the number of guesses and give a score to the user when they guess the number 
+	  - the lower the guesses, the higher the score
+
+'''

From 233bcd6d0204674744668ae9c55991a7abda7b14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GeethOnion <41124555+GeethOnion@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Oct 2018 03:25:40 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 03/75] For Loop Example

---
 ForLoopExample.py | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 ForLoopExample.py

diff --git a/ForLoopExample.py b/ForLoopExample.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bad689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ForLoopExample.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+n = int(input())
+s = '#'
+for i in range( 1 , n+1):
+    print (' ' *(n-i) + s*i)

From 6d393ab58d30ea49c7004c28ec9fa71433ec65f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GeethOnion <41124555+GeethOnion@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Oct 2018 03:33:25 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 04/75] ExampleForList

---
 simple_scripts/ListExample.py | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 simple_scripts/ListExample.py

diff --git a/simple_scripts/ListExample.py b/simple_scripts/ListExample.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..131a26a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/simple_scripts/ListExample.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+my_list = ['p','y','t','h','o','n']
+# Output: p
+print(my_list[0])
+
+# Output: t
+print(my_list[2])
+
+# Output: o
+print(my_list[4])
+
+# Error! Only integer can be used for indexing
+# my_list[4.0]
+
+# Nested List
+n_list = ["Happy", [2,0,1,5]]
+
+# Nested indexing
+
+# Output: a
+print(n_list[0][1])    
+
+# Output: 5
+print(n_list[1][3])

From 03a0e2cf4f74a39f1925225bb9a7a3ab66d3f4af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aslam <apps@hotdogcode.com>
Date: Sun, 21 Oct 2018 23:26:31 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 05/75] Selection Sort and Insertion Sort

---
 algorithms/sorting/insertion_sort.py | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 algorithms/sorting/selection_sort.py | 85 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 161 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 algorithms/sorting/insertion_sort.py
 create mode 100644 algorithms/sorting/selection_sort.py

diff --git a/algorithms/sorting/insertion_sort.py b/algorithms/sorting/insertion_sort.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54adf00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/sorting/insertion_sort.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Insertion Sort
+# Ideal sorting algorithm for 
+# small/small-medium data/array
+
+# temporary parameter tells
+# function to sort a copy of 
+# orignal array, and not the array itself
+
+# reverse parameter tells func
+# to sort array in reverse/decending
+# order
+
+
+def sort_(arr,temporary=False,reverse=False):
+    
+    # Making copy of array if temporary is true
+    if temporary:
+        ar = arr[:]
+    else:
+        ar = arr
+    
+    # To blend every element
+	# in correct position
+	# length of total array is required
+    length = len(ar)
+    
+    # After each iteration left-most
+	# sub-array is completed sorted
+    for i in range(1,length):
+        # In each iteration we place
+        # the current element to its
+        # proper position in left sorted 
+        # sub array
+        tmp = ar[i]
+        j = i-1
+        if reverse:
+            while j>=0 and tmp>ar[j]:
+                ar[j+1]=ar[j]
+                j-=1
+            ar[j+1]=tmp
+        else:
+            while j>=0 and tmp<ar[j]:
+                ar[j+1]=ar[j]
+                j-=1
+            ar[j+1]=tmp
+
+
+    # if temporary, then returning
+	# copied arr's sorted form
+	# cuz if not returned, then function
+	# is literally of no use
+    if temporary:
+        return ar
+
+
+# See proper explaination 
+# at: https://www.hotdogcode.com/insertion-sort/
+
+
+# Testing
+tests = [[7, 8, 9, 6, 4, 5, 3, 2, 1, 15], [1, 90, 1110, 1312, 1110, 98, 76, 54, 32, 10], ] # Add your test cases 
+
+for test in tests:
+	accend, decend = sort_(test, True), sort_(test, True, True)
+	if accend == sorted(test) and decend == sorted(test, reverse = True):
+		print("Orignal: {}".format(test))
+		print("Sorted: {}".format(accend))
+		print("Sorted(reverse): {}\n".format(decend))
+	else:
+		print("Something went wrong!\n")
+
+
+# Seems our insertion sort works
+# however for small/small-medium data/array!
diff --git a/algorithms/sorting/selection_sort.py b/algorithms/sorting/selection_sort.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd227f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/sorting/selection_sort.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Selection Sort
+# Ideal sorting algorithm for 
+# small/small-medium data/array
+
+# temporary parameter tells
+# function to sort a copy of 
+# orignal array, and not the array itself
+
+# reverse parameter tells func
+# to sort array in reverse/decending
+# order
+
+
+def sort_(arr,temporary =False,reverse=False):
+
+    # Making copy of array if temporary is true
+    if temporary:
+        ar = arr[:]
+    else:
+        ar = arr
+
+    # To blend every element
+	# in correct position
+	# length of total array is required
+    length = len(ar)
+
+    # After each iteration left-most
+	# sub-array is completed sorted
+    for i in range(0,length):
+        min = i
+
+        # In each iteration we compare
+        # current element with the right
+        # unsorted sub-array and replace 
+        # the minimum/maximum with current
+        # element
+        for j in range(i+1,length):
+
+            # Checking for minimum/maximum
+            if reverse:
+                 if ar[min]<ar[j]:
+                      min = j
+            else:
+                 if ar[min]>ar[j]:
+                      min = j
+       
+       
+        # Replacing minimum/maximum
+        # with current element
+        tmp = ar[i]
+        ar[i]=ar[min]
+        ar[min]=tmp
+    
+    
+
+    # if temporary, then returning
+	# copied arr's sorted form
+	# cuz if not returned, then function
+	# is literally of no use
+    if temporary:
+        return ar
+
+
+# See proper explaination 
+# at: https://www.hotdogcode.com/selection-sort/
+
+
+# Testing
+tests = [[7, 8, 9, 6, 4, 5, 3, 2, 1, 15], [1, 90, 1110, 1312, 1110, 98, 76, 54, 32, 10], ] # Add your test cases 
+
+for test in tests:
+	accend, decend = sort_(test, True), sort_(test, True, True)
+	if accend == sorted(test) and decend == sorted(test, reverse = True):
+		print("Orignal: {}".format(test))
+		print("Sorted: {}".format(accend))
+		print("Sorted(reverse): {}\n".format(decend))
+	else:
+		print("Something went wrong!\n")
+
+
+# Seems our selection sort works
+# however for small/small-medium data/array!
+

From 713fc2f9e2549cd29cdb235acdd7f5b0448a9fd4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Harsh Upadhyay <31928299+harshup18@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 29 Oct 2018 22:47:20 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 06/75] Update README.md

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 69c471f..445bf37 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Basic python CLI programs as examples<br>
 All the examples are useful examples<br>
 This examples are of beginners level<br>
 <br>
-Hey guys i wrote these programs when i was just starting up with programming, now i realize that many of 'em feel very un-professional and useless so i decided to go one by one through all and make 'em more usefull and professional !
+Hey guys I wrote these programs when I was just starting up with programming, now I realize that many of 'em feel very un-professional and useless so I decided to go one by one through all and make 'em more usefull and professional !
 <br>
 
 Note: In 2.x versions input isn't useful , lly , in 3.x versions raw_input isn't useful. Also, xrange() and other methods are discontinued or changed in 3.x versions of python. Change the keywords accordingly! 

From 992a15f9985c614ceeb7cceed33ce3e16694043d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: reesepalma <45537971+reesepalma@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2018 12:54:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 07/75] Star

---
 star_turtle.py | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 star_turtle.py

diff --git a/star_turtle.py b/star_turtle.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76aaf33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/star_turtle.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Python 3.7.1 (v3.7.1:260ec2c36a, Oct 20 2018, 14:05:16) [MSC v.1915 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
+Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
+>>> import turtle
+>>> star=turtle.Turtle()
+>>> win=turtle.Screen()
+>>> win.setworldcoordinates(-100,-100,100,100)
+>>> for i in range(5):
+	star.forward(50)
+	star.right(144)
+
+	
+>>> 

From e3055b1230927c528f37969ba3b79e2c1d734210 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: crackCodeLogn <vivektheintel@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Feb 2019 22:25:16 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 08/75] Updating and Optimizing the prime number verification
 program

---
 primeNumbers.py | 50 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/primeNumbers.py b/primeNumbers.py
index 14b5975..41845a3 100644
--- a/primeNumbers.py
+++ b/primeNumbers.py
@@ -1,25 +1,35 @@
 # Prime number Determiner
 # replace input() with raw_input() in Python version 2.7 input() works with version 3 
+import math as Math
 
-while True:
-	startOrEnd = str(input('Start or End : '))
-	if startOrEnd == 'Start':
-		toCheckNum = int(input('Number to Check : '))
-		if toCheckNum > 1:
-			for x in range(2, toCheckNum):
-				if toCheckNum % x == 0:
-					print(str(toCheckNum) + ' is divisible by ' + str(x))
-					print(str(toCheckNum) + ' is not a Prime number')
-					break
-				elif toCheckNum % x > 0:
-					print(str(toCheckNum) + ' is a prime number')
-					break
-			continue				
-		else :
-			print(str(toCheckNum) + ' is not a prime number')
-			continue					
-	else : 
-		print('Progarm Ended...')
-		break		
+POSITIVE_MESSAGE = " is a prime number"
+NEGATIVE_MESSAGE = " is not a prime number"
+
+
+def is_number_prime(number):
+    upper_lim = Math.floor(Math.sqrt(number)) + 1
+    is_prime = True if number != 1 else False
+
+    for i in range(2, upper_lim):
+        if number % i == 0:
+            is_prime = False
+            break
 
+    return is_prime
+
+
+while True:
+    startOrEnd = str(input('Start or End : '))
+    if startOrEnd == 'Start':
+        number = int(input('Number to Check : '))
+        result = str(number)
+        prime_status = is_number_prime(number)
 
+        if prime_status:
+            result += POSITIVE_MESSAGE
+        else:
+            result += NEGATIVE_MESSAGE
+        print(result)
+    else:
+        print('Program Ended...')
+        break

From 0e6ca0f3388626c33a1d4f59266af441c75b1422 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: crackCodeLogn <vivektheintel@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2019 21:52:45 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 09/75] Adding comments for understanding

---
 primeNumbers.py | 15 +++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+)

diff --git a/primeNumbers.py b/primeNumbers.py
index 41845a3..dcdb9a0 100644
--- a/primeNumbers.py
+++ b/primeNumbers.py
@@ -7,6 +7,20 @@
 
 
 def is_number_prime(number):
+    """
+    Function which checks whether the number is a prime number or not
+    :param number: integer - to be checked for prime-ness
+    :return: boolean - true if prime, else false
+    """
+
+    """
+    This is the main logic behind reducing the numbers to check for as factors
+        if N = a * b; where a<=b and a,b C (1, N)
+        then, a * b >= a*a;
+        which leads to => a*a <= N
+                       => a <= sqrt(N)
+    Hence checking only till the square root of N 
+    """
     upper_lim = Math.floor(Math.sqrt(number)) + 1
     is_prime = True if number != 1 else False
 
@@ -14,6 +28,7 @@ def is_number_prime(number):
         if number % i == 0:
             is_prime = False
             break
+            # The moment there is a divisor of 'number', break the iteration, as the number is not prime
 
     return is_prime
 

From 26058f88354a139f10985ca46cc1aececa542573 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kalpak Take <20800689+AsciiKay@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 7 Jul 2019 22:51:25 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 10/75] Being less pretentious

---
 simple_scripts/README.md | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/simple_scripts/README.md b/simple_scripts/README.md
index 62e18b5..b572e3f 100644
--- a/simple_scripts/README.md
+++ b/simple_scripts/README.md
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 <i>'simple_scripts'</i> Sub-directory contains all simplest programs,
 these programs are <strong>simple to read/write</strong>.
 </pre>
-The programs have been <strong>re-checked</strong> and <strong>re-mastered</strong> by me!<br/>
+The programs have been <strong>re-checked</strong> and <strong> improved a bit </strong> <br/>
 Although i've tried to keep it as orignal as possible. <br/>
-Keep Patience It'll take time to go through every program!! <br/>
 <b>Thanks</b>

From b5824126c26401a683b6c3a34e0ea7f3f805a127 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kalpak Take <20800689+AsciiKay@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 7 Jul 2019 23:28:13 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 11/75] Update and rename ForLoopExample.py to
 simple_scripts/for_loop_mountain.py

Made program more comprehensive
---
 ForLoopExample.py                   |  4 ----
 simple_scripts/for_loop_mountain.py | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 ForLoopExample.py
 create mode 100644 simple_scripts/for_loop_mountain.py

diff --git a/ForLoopExample.py b/ForLoopExample.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5bad689..0000000
--- a/ForLoopExample.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-n = int(input())
-s = '#'
-for i in range( 1 , n+1):
-    print (' ' *(n-i) + s*i)
diff --git a/simple_scripts/for_loop_mountain.py b/simple_scripts/for_loop_mountain.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b311c8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/simple_scripts/for_loop_mountain.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+# Accept User Input, consider (4)
+n = int(raw_input("How big? "))
+
+# Building block of our mountain of money
+s = '$'
+
+# Process for constructing mountain
+# Since n = 4,
+# range (1, n+1) would be all the integers from 1 to 4 including 1 and 4
+# Mountain formed would be:
+#    $    i = 1,   ' ' * n-i = 4-1 = 3  is empty space taken 3 times,    s*i is '$' taken once(i times)
+#   $$    i = 2,   ' ' * n-i = 4-2 = 2  ,  s*i is '$' taken twice(i times)
+#  $$$    and so on
+# $$$$
+# Again, notice how i and n change for each iteration
+for i in range( 1 , n+1):
+    print (' ' *(n-i) + s*i)
+
+
+print("\n")  
+
+
+# Other variant
+s = '$$'
+for i in range( 1 , n+1):
+    print (' ' *(n-i) + s*i)

From aed53261b665f7755a37d3fff5289599fc7e52ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hojun Yoon <yoon.hojun2394@icloud.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Oct 2019 00:03:17 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 12/75] Add ANSI color chart script

---
 .idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml           | 12 ++++++
 .../inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml  |  6 +++
 .idea/misc.xml                                |  4 ++
 .idea/modules.xml                             |  8 ++++
 .idea/vcs.xml                                 |  6 +++
 ansi-colors.py                                | 42 +++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 78 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml
 create mode 100644 .idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
 create mode 100644 .idea/misc.xml
 create mode 100644 .idea/modules.xml
 create mode 100644 .idea/vcs.xml
 create mode 100644 ansi-colors.py

diff --git a/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml b/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c9d48f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="PYTHON_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$" />
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="TestRunnerService">
+    <option name="projectConfiguration" value="pytest" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TEST_RUNNER" value="pytest" />
+  </component>
+</module>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml b/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..105ce2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
+  <settings>
+    <option name="USE_PROJECT_PROFILE" value="false" />
+    <version value="1.0" />
+  </settings>
+</component>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/misc.xml b/.idea/misc.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2e120d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/misc.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" project-jdk-name="Python 3.7" project-jdk-type="Python SDK" />
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/modules.xml b/.idea/modules.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dd9f1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/modules.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
+    <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml" />
+    </modules>
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/vcs.xml b/.idea/vcs.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94a25f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/vcs.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$" vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ansi-colors.py b/ansi-colors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c270650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ansi-colors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+"""
+ansi-colors.py
+Print 256 ANSI(8bit) color chart
+Reference : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code
+
+*** Warning!
+In some terminal/OS environments,
+this code may display different colors or color may not be displayed properly
+"""
+
+START_ESCAPE_8BIT = "\033[38;5;"
+END_ESCAPE = "\033[0;0m"
+SQUARE_CHAR = '\u25A0'
+
+
+def print_square_8bit(color):
+    print(START_ESCAPE_8BIT + str(color) + 'm' + SQUARE_CHAR + END_ESCAPE, end="")
+
+
+print("System standard colors:       ", end="")
+for i in range(8):
+    print_square_8bit(i)
+print()
+
+print("System high intensity colors: ", end="")
+for i in range(7, 16):
+    print_square_8bit(i)
+print()
+
+step = 0
+print("216 Colors: ")
+for i in range(16, 232):
+    print_square_8bit(i)
+    step += 1
+    if step % 24 == 0:  # Make newline every 24 colors
+        print()
+print()
+
+print("Grayscale colors: ", end="")
+for i in range(232, 256):
+    print_square_8bit(i)
+print()
\ No newline at end of file

From b6e2e90f819c0b30cf8dc227eefc9925f13963dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hojun Yoon <48780831+hojun-y@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Oct 2019 00:12:10 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 13/75] Fix typo

---
 ansi-colors.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ansi-colors.py b/ansi-colors.py
index c270650..2d4f174 100644
--- a/ansi-colors.py
+++ b/ansi-colors.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def print_square_8bit(color):
 print()
 
 print("System high intensity colors: ", end="")
-for i in range(7, 16):
+for i in range(8, 16):
     print_square_8bit(i)
 print()
 
@@ -39,4 +39,4 @@ def print_square_8bit(color):
 print("Grayscale colors: ", end="")
 for i in range(232, 256):
     print_square_8bit(i)
-print()
\ No newline at end of file
+print()

From 879bd6b965ead1308808719cb63e528830231db7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hojun Yoon <hojun.yoon25@icloud.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Oct 2019 00:13:29 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 14/75] delete IDE files

---
 .idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml            | 12 ------------
 .idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml |  6 ------
 .idea/misc.xml                                 |  4 ----
 .idea/modules.xml                              |  8 --------
 .idea/vcs.xml                                  |  6 ------
 5 files changed, 36 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 .idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml
 delete mode 100644 .idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
 delete mode 100644 .idea/misc.xml
 delete mode 100644 .idea/modules.xml
 delete mode 100644 .idea/vcs.xml

diff --git a/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml b/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml
deleted file mode 100644
index 7c9d48f..0000000
--- a/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<module type="PYTHON_MODULE" version="4">
-  <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
-    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$" />
-    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
-    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
-  </component>
-  <component name="TestRunnerService">
-    <option name="projectConfiguration" value="pytest" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TEST_RUNNER" value="pytest" />
-  </component>
-</module>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml b/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 105ce2d..0000000
--- a/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
-  <settings>
-    <option name="USE_PROJECT_PROFILE" value="false" />
-    <version value="1.0" />
-  </settings>
-</component>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/misc.xml b/.idea/misc.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index a2e120d..0000000
--- a/.idea/misc.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" project-jdk-name="Python 3.7" project-jdk-type="Python SDK" />
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/modules.xml b/.idea/modules.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 9dd9f1a..0000000
--- a/.idea/modules.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
-    <modules>
-      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml" />
-    </modules>
-  </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/vcs.xml b/.idea/vcs.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 94a25f7..0000000
--- a/.idea/vcs.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
-    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$" vcs="Git" />
-  </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file

From 96a71d3826cafa458d4bf26d5c8e366aea51e142 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Geethmaka Dissanayake <geethmaka@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Oct 2019 01:27:54 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 15/75] Added simple turtle example

---
 Drawing_With_Turtle.py | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Drawing_With_Turtle.py

diff --git a/Drawing_With_Turtle.py b/Drawing_With_Turtle.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecd2987
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Drawing_With_Turtle.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#This is a example for turtle
+#This shows how to draw a star
+#For more tutorials visit https://www.tutorialspoint.com/turtle-programming-in-python
+
+# import turtle library
+import turtle             
+my_pen = turtle.Turtle()      
+for i in range(50):
+   my_pen.forward(50)           
+   my_pen.right(144)               
+turtle.done()
\ No newline at end of file

From c682b85bcbe7da318061857acacdca677829ebe2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Geethmaka Dissanayake <geethmaka@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Oct 2019 01:50:25 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 16/75] Abstract Drawing From Turtle

---
 Turtle_Drawing.py | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Turtle_Drawing.py

diff --git a/Turtle_Drawing.py b/Turtle_Drawing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f979857
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Turtle_Drawing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import turtle 
+
+ninja = turtle.Turtle()
+
+ninja.speed(10)
+
+for i in range(180):
+    ninja.forward(100)
+    ninja.right(30)
+    ninja.forward(20)
+    ninja.left(60)
+    ninja.forward(50)
+    ninja.right(30)
+    
+    ninja.penup()
+    ninja.setposition(0, 0)
+    ninja.pendown()
+    
+    ninja.right(2)
+    
+turtle.done()
\ No newline at end of file

From ad281cac612de48ab52502e059ebc2113e7e5ea2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joytaylor <jtaylor2@imsa.edu>
Date: Mon, 7 Oct 2019 10:56:19 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 17/75] Update find_square_root.py

less loop time and includes 0 and 1
---
 find_square_root.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/find_square_root.py b/find_square_root.py
index 15d0920..4c6212f 100644
--- a/find_square_root.py
+++ b/find_square_root.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 def find_square_root(x):
     if type(x) == str:
         return "Expected an integer! Cannot find square root of an string!"
-    for i in range(x):
+    for i in range(0, (x/2 )+2):
         if i ** 2 == x:
             return i 
     return "{} is not a perfect square".format(x)

From 1d3b00a2bd106cf9b42d04da483a8c0373df17b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MIP2000 <49375670+MIP2000@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 8 Oct 2019 03:50:13 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 18/75] Create Display ASCII Value of a Character.md

---
 Display ASCII Value of a Character.md | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Display ASCII Value of a Character.md

diff --git a/Display ASCII Value of a Character.md b/Display ASCII Value of a Character.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04ad522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Display ASCII Value of a Character.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# ASCII Value of Character 
+
+# Simply ender a character from the keyboard
+user_input = input('Give me a character: ')
+
+# Print the ASCII value of assigned character  
+print("The ASCII value of '" + user_input + "' is", ord(user_input)) 

From 0187627d4e29719486eb6383a235b75d128e4d38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MIP2000 <49375670+MIP2000@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 8 Oct 2019 03:50:45 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 19/75] Rename Display ASCII Value of a Character.md to Display
 ASCII Value of a Character.py

---
 ...lue of a Character.md => Display ASCII Value of a Character.py | 0
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 rename Display ASCII Value of a Character.md => Display ASCII Value of a Character.py (100%)

diff --git a/Display ASCII Value of a Character.md b/Display ASCII Value of a Character.py
similarity index 100%
rename from Display ASCII Value of a Character.md
rename to Display ASCII Value of a Character.py

From 40ccb5583473913dfe93f1be48234082ffe88270 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Somnath chatterjee <chetan@dhondu.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2019 16:22:22 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 20/75] Adding bubble sort algorithm

---
 bubble sort.py | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 bubble sort.py

diff --git a/bubble sort.py b/bubble sort.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a28bad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bubble sort.py	
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+'''Bubble Sort
+Bubble Sort is the simplest sorting algorithm that works by repeatedly swapping the adjacent elements if they are in wrong order.
+Example:
+First Pass:
+( 5 1 4 2 8 ) –> ( 1 5 4 2 8 ), Here, algorithm compares the first two elements, and swaps since 5 > 1.
+( 1 5 4 2 8 ) –>  ( 1 4 5 2 8 ), Swap since 5 > 4
+( 1 4 5 2 8 ) –>  ( 1 4 2 5 8 ), Swap since 5 > 2
+( 1 4 2 5 8 ) –> ( 1 4 2 5 8 ), Now, since these elements are already in order (8 > 5), algorithm does not swap them.
+
+Second Pass:
+( 1 4 2 5 8 ) –> ( 1 4 2 5 8 )
+( 1 4 2 5 8 ) –> ( 1 2 4 5 8 ), Swap since 4 > 2
+( 1 2 4 5 8 ) –> ( 1 2 4 5 8 )
+( 1 2 4 5 8 ) –>  ( 1 2 4 5 8 )
+Now, the array is already sorted, but our algorithm does not know if it is completed. The algorithm needs one whole pass without any swap to know it is sorted.
+
+Third Pass:
+( 1 2 4 5 8 ) –> ( 1 2 4 5 8 )
+( 1 2 4 5 8 ) –> ( 1 2 4 5 8 )
+( 1 2 4 5 8 ) –> ( 1 2 4 5 8 )
+( 1 2 4 5 8 ) –> ( 1 2 4 5 8 )'''
+
+# Python program for implementation of Bubble Sort
+
+def bubbleSort(arr):
+	n = len(arr)
+
+	# Traverse through all array elements
+	for i in range(n):
+
+		# Last i elements are already in place
+		for j in range(0, n-i-1):
+
+			# traverse the array from 0 to n-i-1
+			# Swap if the element found is greater
+			# than the next element
+			if arr[j] > arr[j+1] :
+				arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]
+
+# Driver code to test above
+arr = [64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90]
+
+bubbleSort(arr)
+
+print ("Sorted array is:")
+for i in range(len(arr)):
+	print ("%d" %arr[i]),

From aee5135fcc76f33b9601596b6337bcc3990799da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Somnath chatterjee <chetan@dhondu.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2019 16:32:22 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 21/75] Program to find factorial of a number

---
 factorial.py | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 factorial.py

diff --git a/factorial.py b/factorial.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a58fc51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/factorial.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+def factorial(n):
+    if n == 0:
+        return 1
+    else:
+        return n * factorial(n-1)
+n=int(input("Input a number to compute the factiorial : "))
+print(factorial(n))

From 599dc3212ca5c8e336b46904d30433e7faa0fff5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: akshara <akshranair@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2020 21:12:41 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 22/75] Fixed an error in the function

---
 cartesian_plane_quadrant.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/cartesian_plane_quadrant.py b/cartesian_plane_quadrant.py
index 606aec8..3631e97 100644
--- a/cartesian_plane_quadrant.py
+++ b/cartesian_plane_quadrant.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def determine_quadrant(x, y):
 		elif x > 0 and y < 0 :
 			return 'IV(+,-)'
 		else :
-			return 'Invalid parameters were provided')
+			return 'Invalid parameters were provided'
 	except TypeError:
 		return "X and Y co-ords must be integers and not X {}, Y{}".format(type(x), type(y))
 

From ddd9b2b445647df898170a37ea4259ce22dc04e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: akshara <akshranair@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2020 22:53:18 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 23/75] Added an input statement

---
 days_you_lived.py | 10 +++++++++-
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/days_you_lived.py b/days_you_lived.py
index c41e4a1..4b1118e 100644
--- a/days_you_lived.py
+++ b/days_you_lived.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # We assume that given dates are correct
 # and 
 # solved for problem set in cs course on udacity.com
-
 from calendar import isleap
 
 def daysBetweenDates(year1, month1, day1, year2, month2, day2):
@@ -26,3 +25,12 @@ def daysBetweenDates(year1, month1, day1, year2, month2, day2):
             days += sum(dom)
     return days
     
+
+date1=input("Enter a first date in YYYY-MM-DD format")
+year1,month1,day1=map(int,date1.split('-'))
+
+date2=input("Enter a second date in YYYY-MM-DD format")
+year2,month2,day2=map(int,date2.split('-'))
+
+days=daysBetweenDates(year1, month1, day1, year2, month2, day2)
+print("Number of days between {} and {} is \n  {}".format(date1,date2,abs(days)))

From 8940262bd35bff621e51d72d082214b474a2fe7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lakshita2002 <lakshitamohanty2002@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Aug 2020 16:18:20 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 24/75] Grammatical correction

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 445bf37..9e4be0d 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Beginners-Python-Programs
 Basic python CLI programs as examples<br>
 All the examples are useful examples<br>
-This examples are of beginners level<br>
+These examples are of beginners' level<br>
 <br>
 Hey guys I wrote these programs when I was just starting up with programming, now I realize that many of 'em feel very un-professional and useless so I decided to go one by one through all and make 'em more usefull and professional !
 <br>

From 18be0061775be1207fea0eb8f2f94e22005e001e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tzara <bottest9@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 20 Sep 2020 18:20:09 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 25/75] added a simple conways game of life

---
 conways.py | 140 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 140 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 conways.py

diff --git a/conways.py b/conways.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a834d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/conways.py
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+'''
+-conway's game of life
+-made by Tzara Northcut @Mecknavorz
+-requires pygame
+'''
+
+#import the stuff we need
+import pygame, sys, time
+
+#-----------------------------------------
+#initalize some variables and other things
+#-----------------------------------------
+width = 6 #cell size width
+height = 6 #cell size height
+space = 2 #thickness of world lines
+#create the 2d array where we actually store vairables of cells
+world = [[0 for x in range(100)] for y in range(100)]
+
+#initialzie pygame
+pygame.init()
+
+size = [100*(width+space)+space, 100*(height+space)+space] #window size
+screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size) #make the window the right size
+
+#set spme colors
+BLACK = (  0,   0,   0) #background color
+WHITE = (255, 255, 255) #color of world
+GREEN = (  0,   0,   0) #color of cells that are alive and well
+RED = (255,   0,   0) #colors of the cells about to die
+
+#speed stuff
+clock = pygame.time.Clock() #clock used to manage game speed
+pause = True #used to control the steps, might not need this
+laststep = time.time()
+
+#used to keep runing until the game is closed
+done = False
+
+#-------------------------------------
+#some functions to be used in the game
+#-------------------------------------
+#determine #of cells nearby
+def getclose(x, y):
+    nearby = 0
+    #avoid out of bounds error and make the grid a torroid
+    if(x+1) > 99:
+        x = 0
+    if(y+1) > 99:
+        y = 0
+    #swcan nearby squares and if there's something there add 1 to the count
+    if world[x-1][y-1]:
+        nearby += 1
+    if world[x][y-1]:
+        nearby += 1
+    if world[x+1][y-1]:
+        nearby += 1
+    if world[x-1][y]:
+        nearby += 1
+    if world[x+1][y]:
+        nearby += 1
+    if world[x-1][y+1]:
+        nearby += 1
+    if world[x][y+1]:
+        nearby += 1
+    if world[x+1][y+1]:
+        nearby += 1
+    return nearby
+
+#calculate next step
+def nextStep():
+    for x in range(len(world)):
+        for y in range(len(world[0])):
+            near = getclose(x, y)
+            if near < 2: #if there are less than two neighbors then kill the cell
+                world[x][y] = 0
+            if near > 3: #if there are more than three neighbors then kill the cell
+                world[x][y] = 0
+            if (world[x][y] == 0) and (near == 3): #if there are 3 neighbors near a dead cell, revive it
+                world[x][y] = 1
+
+#clear the board
+def clear():
+    for x in range(len(world)):
+        for y in range(len(world[0])):
+            world[x][y] = 0
+
+#---------------------
+#the initale game loop
+#---------------------
+while not done:
+    #to make sure the game quits when we need it to
+    for event in pygame.event.get():
+        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
+            done = True
+        elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: #if we get a click
+            pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos() #find where the click was
+            #change the pixel coords into game coords
+            x = pos[1] // (height+space)
+            y = pos[0] // (width+space)
+            #add or remove the cell that's there
+            if world[x][y] == 0: #if the tile is empty add a cell
+                world[x][y] = 1
+                #print("nearby: ", getclose(x, y)) #used for debugging
+            else: #else if there's something there, remove the cell
+                world[x][y] = 0
+            #print("click: ", pos, "grid coord: ", x, y) #debug stuff
+        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: #pause the game when space is pressed
+            if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
+                #print('space pressed')
+                if pause:
+                    pause = False
+                elif not pause:
+                    pause = True
+            elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: #if we presws the right key go forward a step
+                nextStep() #calculate the next
+            elif event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
+                clear()
+            
+
+    #draw the world
+    screen.fill(BLACK)
+    #maybe move this to a seprate function to help with effeciency?
+    for x in range(len(world)):
+        for y in range(len(world[0])):
+            color = WHITE
+            if world[x][y] == 1:
+                color = GREEN
+            pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, [(space+width)*y+space, (space+height)*x+space, width, height])
+
+    #set frame rate
+    clock.tick(60)
+    if (not pause) and ((time.time() - laststep) > .1):
+        laststep = time.time()
+        #print(laststep)
+        nextStep()
+    #update screen
+    pygame.display.flip()
+
+#if we;ve gotten this far (eg out of the while loop) we know it's time to quit
+pygame.quit()

From d06573c76650f7e49b74bf80f9b2e91399021dd5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pragati Kalra <43950367+Pragati-Kalra@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 25 Sep 2020 13:39:09 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 26/75] Updated_bubblesort.py

---
 algorithms/sorting/bubble_sort.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/algorithms/sorting/bubble_sort.py b/algorithms/sorting/bubble_sort.py
index 9074ad0..e1fe084 100644
--- a/algorithms/sorting/bubble_sort.py
+++ b/algorithms/sorting/bubble_sort.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def sort_(arr, temporary = False, reverse = False):
 # See proper explaination 
 # at: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/bubble-sort/
 # a good site!
-
+#can add flag to reduce time complexity
 
 # Testing
 tests = [[7, 8, 9, 6, 4, 5, 3, 2, 1, 15], [1, 90, 1110, 1312, 1110, 98, 76, 54, 32, 10], ] # Add your test cases 

From b300cfd8056e0d2e28d4600baee62d7702e3e6b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Vamsi Krishna <33099230+V-V-K@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2020 03:10:05 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 27/75] Create Pattern Program

This is a fun pattern program which I learned!
---
 Pattern Program | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Pattern Program

diff --git a/Pattern Program b/Pattern Program
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf143f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Pattern Program	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+rows = 6
+for num in range(rows):
+    for i in range(num):
+        print(num, end=" ")  # print number
+    print(" ")

From 683b24019cae4eebc549ce845776b0bd943a1ea6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Vamsi Krishna <33099230+V-V-K@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2020 03:14:25 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 28/75] Create Pattern Python Program

Reverse pattern
5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2
1
---
 Pattern Python Program | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Pattern Python Program

diff --git a/Pattern Python Program b/Pattern Python Program
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..759efd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Pattern Python Program	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+rows = 5
+for i in range(rows, 0, -1):
+    num = i
+    for j in range(0, i):
+        print(num, end=' ')
+    print("\r")

From fc38aec5c81c89c50fd913359223b80f5d023c4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Vamsi Krishna <33099230+V-V-K@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2020 03:16:25 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 29/75] Create Medium level python program

1
2 1
3 2 1
4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1
---
 Medium level python program | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Medium level python program

diff --git a/Medium level python program b/Medium level python program
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74a4b84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Medium level python program	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+rows = 6
+for row in range(1, rows):
+    for column in range(row, 0, -1):
+        print(column, end=' ')
+    print("")

From 4054e21b90865acc6e9dd7275b61266d23670d6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Vamsi Krishna <33099230+V-V-K@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2020 03:18:02 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 30/75] Create Double the number pattern

1
   2    1
   4    2    1
   8    4    2    1
  16    8    4    2    1
  32   16    8    4    2    1
  64   32   16    8    4    2    1
 128   64   32   16    8    4    2    1
---
 Double the number pattern | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Double the number pattern

diff --git a/Double the number pattern b/Double the number pattern
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6864bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Double the number pattern	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+rows = 9
+for i in range(1, rows):
+    for j in range(-1+i, -1, -1):
+        print(format(2**j, "4d"), end=' ')
+    print("")

From 4d302fbfc19288f3bfa86b5d3cdfc3f27f7aa640 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: abhi032 <35945322+abhi032@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2020 06:40:28 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 31/75] socket programming

added 2 new programs for file transfer of socket programming
---
 client_file.py | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 client_file.py

diff --git a/client_file.py b/client_file.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d9a17f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client_file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import socket
+server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+host = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
+port = 12345
+x = input("Enter file name : ")
+server_socket.connect((host,port))
+name = server_socket.recv(1024).decode()
+name = name.split('.')[-1]
+name = x+'.'+name
+
+f = open(name,'wb')
+while True :
+    c_msg = server_socket.recv(1024)
+    if c_msg == 'EOF'.encode() : 
+        f.close()
+        server_socket.close()
+        break
+    f.write(c_msg)
+
+

From 6b527859f66d83b6325e2087a3e6dc1257e6e7c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: abhi032 <35945322+abhi032@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2020 06:43:08 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 32/75] Socket programming

Added both server and client file to transfer data on local maching , it supports every file  Hope U may like it :)
---
 server_file.py | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 server_file.py

diff --git a/server_file.py b/server_file.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9389c5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server_file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import socket
+server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+host = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
+port = 12345
+server_socket.bind((host,port))
+print("Server socket sucessfully Created on IP : {} at port {} ".format(host,port))
+server_socket.listen()
+print("Server is waiting for clients to connect .... \n\n")
+client_socket,client_addr = server_socket.accept()
+print("Client is connected")
+print("Client's IP {}:{}\n\n".format(*client_addr))
+f = open(input("Enter path to your file "),'rb')
+name =f.name
+client_socket.send(name.encode())
+for line in f:    
+    client_socket.send(line)
+else :
+    client_socket.send("EOF".encode()) 
+    client_socket.close()
+    server_socket.close()
+
+

From c57cfda271b777b5975a2b0240701fc4f6abcb06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hiruthic <56349092+hiruthic2002@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2020 14:35:36 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 33/75] Updated dictionary.py [Python2] to Python3

Haven't changed the formatting, only rewritten in Python3 syntaxes
---
 dictionary.py | 37 ++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dictionary.py b/dictionary.py
index ea2c9b2..31f2c21 100644
--- a/dictionary.py
+++ b/dictionary.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 global dictionary
 dictionary = {}
 
@@ -9,53 +8,53 @@ def __init__(self, word, meaning):
 
 	def add_new(self):
 		dictionary[self.word] = self.meaning
-		print "Word Successfully Added"
+		print("Word Successfully Added")
 
 	def delete_word(self):
 		try:
 			del dictionary[self.word]
-			print "Word Successfully Deleted"
+			print("Word Successfully Deleted")
 		except KeyError:
-			print "The Word Does Not Exist in Dictionary. Try Again!"	
+			print("The Word Does Not Exist in Dictionary. Try Again!")	
 			
 	def edit_word(self):
 		try:
 			dictionary[self.word] = self.meaning
-			print "Word Was Successfully Edited"
+			print("Word Was Successfully Edited")
 		except KeyError:
-			print "The Word You Trying To Edit Does Not Exist in Dictionary!"	
+			print("The Word You Trying To Edit Does Not Exist in Dictionary!")	
 
 	def view_word(self):
 		try:
-			print dictionary[self.word]
+			print(dictionary[self.word])
 		except KeyError:
-			print "The Word is not in Dictionary."
+			print("The Word is not in Dictionary.")
 
 	def view_all(self):		
 		for i in dictionary.keys():
 			print(i + " : " + dictionary[i])
 
 def start():
-	get_op = raw_input("Add, Delete, Edit, View, View all : ")
+	get_op = input("Add, Delete, Edit, View, View all : ")
 	if get_op in ["add", "Add"]:
-		get_word = raw_input("Word to add : ")
-		get_meaning = raw_input("Meaning : ")
+		get_word = input("Word to add : ")
+		get_meaning = input("Meaning : ")
 		new = Dict(get_word, get_meaning)
 		new.add_new()
 
 	elif get_op in ["delete", "Delete"]:	
-		get_word_to_del = raw_input("Word to delete : ")
+		get_word_to_del = input("Word to delete : ")
 		delete = Dict(get_word_to_del, None)
 		delete.delete_word()
 
 	elif get_op in ["edit", "Edit"]:
-		get_word_to_edit = raw_input("Word to edit : ")
-		get_new_meaning = raw_input("New meaning : ")
+		get_word_to_edit = input("Word to edit : ")
+		get_new_meaning = input("New meaning : ")
 		mean = Dict(get_word_to_edit, get_new_meaning)
 		mean.edit_word()	
 
 	elif get_op in ["view", "View"]:
-		get_word_to_view = raw_input("Word to view : ")
+		get_word_to_view = input("Word to view : ")
 		view = Dict(get_word_to_view, None)
 		view.view_word()
 
@@ -64,15 +63,15 @@ def start():
 		nothing.view_all()
 
 	else:
-		print "Invalid Input. Try again!"			
+		print("Invalid Input. Try again!")			
 
 def end():
 	quit()
 
 def main():
 	while True:
-		s_or_e = raw_input("Start or End : ")
-		if s_or_e == "Start":
+		s_or_e = input("Start or End : ")
+		if s_or_e.lower() == "start":
 			start()
 			print("  ")
 			continue
@@ -82,4 +81,4 @@ def main():
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-	main()		
\ No newline at end of file
+	main()

From 37b8d36907558ff98bd61970519e7a52ad169862 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hiruthic <56349092+hiruthic2002@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2020 17:23:18 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 34/75] Diffe Hellman algorithm in python

One of a key-exchange method in internet privacy. Not the most secure one but still in use in combination with RSA and sha256 and more
---
 useful_scripts/Diffe_Hellman.py | 74 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 74 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 useful_scripts/Diffe_Hellman.py

diff --git a/useful_scripts/Diffe_Hellman.py b/useful_scripts/Diffe_Hellman.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4d80ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/useful_scripts/Diffe_Hellman.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+import random, hashlib
+
+def list_prime():
+    for num in range(3, 1000):
+       # all prime numbers are greater than 1
+       if num > 1:
+           for i in range(2, num):
+               if (num % i) == 0:
+                   break
+           else:
+               print(num, end=', ')
+
+def is_prime(n):
+    """if num > 1:
+        for i in range(2, num//2):
+            if (num % i) == 0:
+                return False
+                break
+        else:
+            return True
+    else:
+        return False"""
+    # Corner cases 
+    if (n <= 1) : 
+        return False
+    if (n <= 3) : 
+        return True
+  
+    # This is checked so that we can skip  
+    # middle five numbers in below loop 
+    if (n % 2 == 0 or n % 3 == 0) : 
+        return False
+  
+    i = 5
+    while(i * i <= n) : 
+        if (n % i == 0 or n % (i + 2) == 0) : 
+            return False
+        i = i + 6
+  
+    return True
+
+def cost(h, cost):
+    for i in range(cost):
+        h = hashlib.sha3_512(h.encode()).hexdigest()
+        return h
+
+print("type 'prime' to choose from list")
+prime = input("Enter a largest prime number you can think of >>> ")
+if prime == 'prime':
+    list_prime()
+    prime = int(input("Enter a largest prime number you can think of >>> "))
+else:
+    prime = int(prime)
+    
+if is_prime(prime):
+    private = int(input("Enter your private key>>> "))
+    public = random.randint(0, 999999999)
+    my_share = (public**private)%prime
+    my_exchange_key = cost(hashlib.sha3_512(str(my_share).encode()).hexdigest(), 5)
+    print()
+    print(f"Your exchange key is --> {my_exchange_key}")
+    print('*' * 100)
+
+    bob_private = int(input("Enter Bob's private key>>> "))
+    bob_share = (public**private)%prime
+    bob_exchange_key = cost(hashlib.sha3_512(str(bob_share).encode()).hexdigest(), 5)
+    print()
+    print(f"Bob'sexchange key is --> {bob_exchange_key}")
+    print()
+    print(f"my_exchange_key == bob_exchange_key\n{my_exchange_key == bob_exchange_key}")
+    print('*' * 100)
+    
+else:
+    print("This is not a prime number")

From 9b7491a7659ba08fa159a2bd582d7ad1bcac6cdf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hiruthic <56349092+hiruthic2002@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2020 17:25:27 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 35/75] A python script to plot the ping over time

I use it while gaming to know when my ping messed up the game-play and made other players to spam my calling me a noob
---
 useful_scripts/pinger.py | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 useful_scripts/pinger.py

diff --git a/useful_scripts/pinger.py b/useful_scripts/pinger.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..302dbb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/useful_scripts/pinger.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import subprocess
+from datetime import datetime
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+pings = []
+losses = []
+times = []
+i = 0
+
+def update_line():
+    plt.plot(times, pings)
+    plt.xticks(rotation=45)
+    plt.draw()
+
+
+try:
+    plt.show()
+    while True:
+        output = subprocess.check_output("ping 8.8.8.8", shell=True)
+        losses.append(output.decode().split()[-18])
+        output = output.decode().split()[-1]
+        time = datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")
+        pings.append(int(output.strip("ms")))
+        times.append(time)
+        i += 1
+        # update_line()
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+    pings = [int(i) for i in pings]
+    losses = [int(i) for i in losses]
+    
+    plt.figure()
+    plt.subplot(211)
+    plt.xticks(rotation=45)
+    plt.ylabel("ping (MS) - avg")
+    plt.plot(times, pings)
+
+    if sum(losses) != 0:
+        plt.subplot(212)
+        plt.plot(times, losses)
+    
+    
+    plt.xticks(rotation=45)
+    plt.ylabel("Loss")
+    plt.show()
+    
+
+

From a38341906ae06c9dd152b983a68936650032bf4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HenryBass <63601449+HenryBass@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2020 18:25:41 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 36/75] Added a freefall calculator

---
 math/FreefallCalculator | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 62 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 math/FreefallCalculator

diff --git a/math/FreefallCalculator b/math/FreefallCalculator
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47e8164
--- /dev/null
+++ b/math/FreefallCalculator
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Gravity Simulation
+
+import math
+import numpy as np
+
+# Welcome
+
+print("Welcome to a 1D Free Fall Simulation. Please enter only in metric integers. ")
+print("You will enter the amount of time you want to simulate, it includes information about impact, \n"
+      "even if the simulation stops before impact.")
+
+# Constants
+
+g = 9.81
+
+# Variables
+
+height = int(input("Drop Height: "))
+timeElapsed = 1
+runTime = int(input("How long do you want to record data from the fall? "))
+location = 0
+mass = int((input("Mass: ")))
+timeToImpact = 0
+
+# Simulation
+
+print("Second by second info of free fall in given time.")
+while timeElapsed <= runTime and timeToImpact >= 0 and location >= 0:
+
+    # Equations
+
+    distanceTraveled = (g * timeElapsed ** 2) / 2
+    velocity = distanceTraveled / timeElapsed
+    location = height - distanceTraveled
+    momentum = mass * velocity
+    timeToImpact = math.sqrt((2 * height) / g)
+
+    # Print Stats
+
+    print("\nTime to simulation end: " + str(runTime - timeElapsed))
+    print('Y Location: ' + str(location) + 'M')
+    print('Velocity: ' + str(velocity) + 'M/S')
+    print('Distance Traveled: ' + str(distanceTraveled) + 'M')
+    print('Momentum: ' + str(momentum) + 'N')
+    print('Time Elapsed: ' + str(timeElapsed))
+    print('Rough time to impact: ' + str(timeToImpact - timeElapsed))
+    print()
+
+    # Add to time elapsed
+
+    timeElapsed = timeElapsed + 1
+
+# Print impact results
+
+print("\n The Simulation is done. \n")
+print("*This is printed even if the object fell past the ground, or never hit it.* \n Info on impact: ")
+print('Y Location: 0M')
+print('Velocity: ' + str(height / runTime) + 'M/S')
+print('Distance Traveled: ' + str(height) + 'M')
+print('Momentum: ' + str(mass * (height / runTime)) + 'N')
+print('Time Spent in free fall: ' + str(timeToImpact))
+print()

From fe27fb36ce9ee13e1e80806adedaf28982462836 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dennis thomas <52597699+denz647@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 2020 11:24:30 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 37/75] Amstrong_python.py

---
 Amstrong | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Amstrong

diff --git a/Amstrong b/Amstrong
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a988381
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Amstrong
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Python program to check if the number is an Armstrong number or not
+
+# take input from the user
+num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
+
+# initialize sum
+sum = 0
+
+# find the sum of the cube of each digit
+temp = num
+while temp > 0:
+   digit = temp % 10
+   sum += digit ** 3
+   temp //= 10
+
+# display the result
+if num == sum:
+   print(num,"is an Armstrong number")
+else:
+   print(num,"is not an Armstrong number")

From 39d424d7a0c83018d1c2c08161a287fe272c8c35 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keshav099 <56930509+Keshav099@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Oct 2020 11:31:09 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 38/75] Update sum_array.py

---
 sum_array.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/sum_array.py b/sum_array.py
index b926753..8639cff 100644
--- a/sum_array.py
+++ b/sum_array.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ def sum_arr(n):
     return res
 
 nums = [52345,746587,98589,54398,9348,45887,49856]
-test = sum_arr(nums)
+test = sum_arr(nums) #Python built in method of adding list all element
 if test == sum(nums):
     print("Sum of arr: {}".format(test))
 else:

From 91fc4f90600e7ef2f21cba14d859af395e30efcb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kalpak Take <20800689+AsciiKay@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2020 01:07:51 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 39/75] Update sum_array.py

---
 sum_array.py | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/sum_array.py b/sum_array.py
index 8639cff..039a30d 100644
--- a/sum_array.py
+++ b/sum_array.py
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ def sum_arr(n):
     return res
 
 nums = [52345,746587,98589,54398,9348,45887,49856]
-test = sum_arr(nums) #Python built in method of adding list all element
+test = sum_arr(nums) 
+
+#sum() is Pythons built in method of adding all the elements in a list
 if test == sum(nums):
     print("Sum of arr: {}".format(test))
 else:

From 4f02b31ee1727d0d8ab6661fd45c527784cd7063 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kalpak Take <20800689+AsciiKay@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2020 01:30:27 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 40/75] Update and rename Amstrong to armstrong_number.py

---
 Amstrong => armstrong_number.py | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 rename Amstrong => armstrong_number.py (54%)

diff --git a/Amstrong b/armstrong_number.py
similarity index 54%
rename from Amstrong
rename to armstrong_number.py
index a988381..5ca59c3 100644
--- a/Amstrong
+++ b/armstrong_number.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-# Python program to check if the number is an Armstrong number or not
+# Python program to check if the number is an Armstrong number with the index of 3 or not
+# for input try numbers 153, 370, 371, 407
 
 # take input from the user
 num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
@@ -15,6 +16,6 @@
 
 # display the result
 if num == sum:
-   print(num,"is an Armstrong number")
+   print(num, "is an Armstrong number.")
 else:
-   print(num,"is not an Armstrong number")
+   print(num, "is not an Armstrong number.")

From 0ae839c62de8dbdab100850b14d6a817b81bcf70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kalpak Take <20800689+AsciiKay@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2020 01:35:16 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 41/75] Delete armstrong_number.py

---
 armstrong_number.py | 21 ---------------------
 1 file changed, 21 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 armstrong_number.py

diff --git a/armstrong_number.py b/armstrong_number.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ca59c3..0000000
--- a/armstrong_number.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-# Python program to check if the number is an Armstrong number with the index of 3 or not
-# for input try numbers 153, 370, 371, 407
-
-# take input from the user
-num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
-
-# initialize sum
-sum = 0
-
-# find the sum of the cube of each digit
-temp = num
-while temp > 0:
-   digit = temp % 10
-   sum += digit ** 3
-   temp //= 10
-
-# display the result
-if num == sum:
-   print(num, "is an Armstrong number.")
-else:
-   print(num, "is not an Armstrong number.")

From 19a3eebaaddd6df5821e067ea4748df1cc082bcb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kalpak Take <20800689+AsciiKay@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2020 01:35:22 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 42/75] Revert "Amstrong_python.py"


From 66e26de15a3f0f502c597445b0869fc56410503d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kalpak Take <20800689+AsciiKay@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2020 01:39:02 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 43/75] Create armstrong_number.py

---
 armstrong_number.py | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 armstrong_number.py

diff --git a/armstrong_number.py b/armstrong_number.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd09992
--- /dev/null
+++ b/armstrong_number.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Python program to check if the number is an Armstrong number with the index of 3 or not
+# for input try numbers 153, 370, 371, 407
+
+# take input from the user
+num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
+
+# initialize sum
+sum = 0
+
+# find the sum of the cube of each digit
+temp = num
+while temp > 0:
+   digit = temp % 10
+   sum += digit ** 3
+   temp //= 10
+
+# display the result
+if num == sum:
+   print(num, "is an Armstrong number.")
+else:
+   print(num, "is not an Armstrong number.")
+
+
+
+# Originally contribution by denz647

From 65d35a5356fc9cca9921f80c284ec2d2e72ba8de Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kalpak Take <20800689+AsciiKay@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2020 01:41:41 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 44/75] Update README.md

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 9e4be0d..d511d5d 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Basic python CLI programs as examples<br>
 All the examples are useful examples<br>
 These examples are of beginners' level<br>
 <br>
-Hey guys I wrote these programs when I was just starting up with programming, now I realize that many of 'em feel very un-professional and useless so I decided to go one by one through all and make 'em more usefull and professional !
+Hey guys I wrote these programs when I was just starting up with programming, now I realize that many of 'em feel very un-professional and useless so I decided to go one by one through all and make 'em more useful and professional !
 <br>
 
 Note: In 2.x versions input isn't useful , lly , in 3.x versions raw_input isn't useful. Also, xrange() and other methods are discontinued or changed in 3.x versions of python. Change the keywords accordingly! 

From f74b8c2d25c794cea6c9b5f1ee60eaa3d0166f0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Panav Sinha <72135200+panavsinha@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Nov 2020 16:59:00 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 45/75] Update README.md

Rectified some grammatical mistakes.
---
 README.md | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d511d5d..16e2c9f 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 # Beginners-Python-Programs
-Basic python CLI programs as examples<br>
-All the examples are useful examples<br>
-These examples are of beginners' level<br>
+Basic python CLI programs as examples.<br>
+All the examples are useful examples.<br>
+These examples are of beginners' level.<br>
 <br>
-Hey guys I wrote these programs when I was just starting up with programming, now I realize that many of 'em feel very un-professional and useless so I decided to go one by one through all and make 'em more useful and professional !
+Hey guys, I wrote these programs when I was just starting up with programming, now I realize that many of 'em feel very un-professional and useless so I decided to go one by one through all and make 'em more useful and professional!
 <br>
 
-Note: In 2.x versions input isn't useful , lly , in 3.x versions raw_input isn't useful. Also, xrange() and other methods are discontinued or changed in 3.x versions of python. Change the keywords accordingly! 
+Note: In 2.x versions input isn't useful. Similarly, in 3.x versions raw_input isn't useful. Also, xrange() and other methods are discontinued or changed in 3.x versions of Python. Change the keywords accordingly! 
 
 <pre>
 <strong>NOTE: WORK IN PROGRESS!

From 51b353b0f089183de9a65e35d4a609037e317984 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: senay21 <76999954+senay21@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Jul 2021 16:06:38 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 46/75] Update dictionary.py

---
 dictionary.py | 36 ++++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dictionary.py b/dictionary.py
index ea2c9b2..4d6a6b3 100644
--- a/dictionary.py
+++ b/dictionary.py
@@ -9,53 +9,53 @@ def __init__(self, word, meaning):
 
 	def add_new(self):
 		dictionary[self.word] = self.meaning
-		print "Word Successfully Added"
+		print ("Word Successfully Added")
 
 	def delete_word(self):
 		try:
 			del dictionary[self.word]
-			print "Word Successfully Deleted"
+			print ("Word Successfully Deleted")
 		except KeyError:
-			print "The Word Does Not Exist in Dictionary. Try Again!"	
+			print "(The Word Does Not Exist in Dictionary. Try Again!")	
 			
 	def edit_word(self):
 		try:
 			dictionary[self.word] = self.meaning
-			print "Word Was Successfully Edited"
+			print ("Word Was Successfully Edited")
 		except KeyError:
-			print "The Word You Trying To Edit Does Not Exist in Dictionary!"	
+			print ("The Word You Trying To Edit Does Not Exist in Dictionary!")	
 
 	def view_word(self):
 		try:
-			print dictionary[self.word]
+			print (dictionary[self.word])
 		except KeyError:
-			print "The Word is not in Dictionary."
+			print ("The Word is not in Dictionary.")
 
 	def view_all(self):		
 		for i in dictionary.keys():
-			print(i + " : " + dictionary[i])
+			print(f"{i} : {dictionary[i]}")
 
 def start():
-	get_op = raw_input("Add, Delete, Edit, View, View all : ")
+	get_op = input("Add, Delete, Edit, View, View all : ")
 	if get_op in ["add", "Add"]:
-		get_word = raw_input("Word to add : ")
-		get_meaning = raw_input("Meaning : ")
+		get_word = input("Word to add : ")
+		get_meaning = input("Meaning : ")
 		new = Dict(get_word, get_meaning)
 		new.add_new()
 
 	elif get_op in ["delete", "Delete"]:	
-		get_word_to_del = raw_input("Word to delete : ")
+		get_word_to_del = input("Word to delete : ")
 		delete = Dict(get_word_to_del, None)
 		delete.delete_word()
 
 	elif get_op in ["edit", "Edit"]:
-		get_word_to_edit = raw_input("Word to edit : ")
-		get_new_meaning = raw_input("New meaning : ")
+		get_word_to_edit = input("Word to edit : ")
+		get_new_meaning = input("New meaning : ")
 		mean = Dict(get_word_to_edit, get_new_meaning)
 		mean.edit_word()	
 
 	elif get_op in ["view", "View"]:
-		get_word_to_view = raw_input("Word to view : ")
+		get_word_to_view = input("Word to view : ")
 		view = Dict(get_word_to_view, None)
 		view.view_word()
 
@@ -64,14 +64,14 @@ def start():
 		nothing.view_all()
 
 	else:
-		print "Invalid Input. Try again!"			
+		print ("Invalid Input. Try again!")			
 
 def end():
 	quit()
 
 def main():
 	while True:
-		s_or_e = raw_input("Start or End : ")
+		s_or_e = input("Start or End : ")
 		if s_or_e == "Start":
 			start()
 			print("  ")
@@ -82,4 +82,4 @@ def main():
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-	main()		
\ No newline at end of file
+	main()		

From d92cd825c94d591e56d9d589c89cad2be956674e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: dany pm <daniel.pahlavan@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Aug 2022 21:59:43 +0430
Subject: [PATCH 47/75] Update hello_world.py

Add new print ways .
---
 hello_world.py | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+)

diff --git a/hello_world.py b/hello_world.py
index 48de24b..dc0ea25 100644
--- a/hello_world.py
+++ b/hello_world.py
@@ -2,7 +2,34 @@
 # it is normally used to if check everything is okay
 import sys
 
+#type 1 sys.stdout.write()
 sys.stdout.write("Hello, ")
 sys.stdout.write("World!")
 sys.stdout.write("\n")
+
+#type 2 print()
 print("Hello, World!")
+
+#type 3 - format()
+
+word1 = "Hello"
+word2 = "World"
+print("{} {}".format(word1, word2))
+
+#type 4 - f-strings
+word1 = "Hello"
+word2 = "World"
+print(f"{word1} {word2} ")
+
+
+#type 5 - join
+characters = ['H','e','l','l','o',' ','W','o','r','l','d']
+message = "".join(characters)
+print(message)
+
+#type 6 - Dict
+words = {"Eng_greeting": "Hello", "Eng_world": "World"}
+message = " ".join(words.values())
+print(message)
+
+

From 93047ddd9bb253d85d166f0d8386a01ae374cfc8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sanjail3 <86285670+sanjail3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Aug 2022 21:48:56 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 48/75] Added snake game

---
 .idea/.gitignore                              |   3 +
 .idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml           |  12 ++
 .idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml  |  43 ++++++
 .../inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml  |   6 +
 .idea/misc.xml                                |   4 +
 .idea/modules.xml                             |   8 ++
 .idea/vcs.xml                                 |   6 +
 snake game/.idea/.gitignore                   |   3 +
 .../inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml  |   6 +
 snake game/.idea/misc.xml                     |   7 +
 snake game/.idea/modules.xml                  |   8 ++
 snake game/.idea/snake game.iml               |  10 ++
 snake game/donut.png                          | Bin 0 -> 5214 bytes
 snake game/index.html                         |  15 ++
 snake game/main.py                            | 134 ++++++++++++++++++
 15 files changed, 265 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .idea/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 .idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml
 create mode 100644 .idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml
 create mode 100644 .idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
 create mode 100644 .idea/misc.xml
 create mode 100644 .idea/modules.xml
 create mode 100644 .idea/vcs.xml
 create mode 100644 snake game/.idea/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 snake game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
 create mode 100644 snake game/.idea/misc.xml
 create mode 100644 snake game/.idea/modules.xml
 create mode 100644 snake game/.idea/snake game.iml
 create mode 100644 snake game/donut.png
 create mode 100644 snake game/index.html
 create mode 100644 snake game/main.py

diff --git a/.idea/.gitignore b/.idea/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26d3352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Default ignored files
+/shelf/
+/workspace.xml
diff --git a/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml b/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b8c395
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="PYTHON_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$" />
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="PyDocumentationSettings">
+    <option name="format" value="PLAIN" />
+    <option name="myDocStringFormat" value="Plain" />
+  </component>
+</module>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml b/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbe978f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
+  <profile version="1.0">
+    <option name="myName" value="Project Default" />
+    <inspection_tool class="PyPackageRequirementsInspection" enabled="true" level="WARNING" enabled_by_default="true">
+      <option name="ignoredPackages">
+        <value>
+          <list size="30">
+            <item index="0" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="regexp" />
+            <item index="1" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="wincertstore" />
+            <item index="2" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="six" />
+            <item index="3" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="joblib" />
+            <item index="4" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="Werkzeug" />
+            <item index="5" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="scikit-learn" />
+            <item index="6" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="PyYAML" />
+            <item index="7" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="more-itertools" />
+            <item index="8" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="python-dateutil" />
+            <item index="9" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="sklearn" />
+            <item index="10" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="kiwisolver" />
+            <item index="11" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="MarkupSafe" />
+            <item index="12" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="numpy" />
+            <item index="13" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="pyrsistent" />
+            <item index="14" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="pandas" />
+            <item index="15" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="zipp" />
+            <item index="16" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="matplotlib" />
+            <item index="17" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="pytz" />
+            <item index="18" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="pyparsing" />
+            <item index="19" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="xgboost" />
+            <item index="20" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="Flask-Cors" />
+            <item index="21" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="kneed" />
+            <item index="22" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="certifi" />
+            <item index="23" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="Flask-MonitoringDashboard" />
+            <item index="24" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="importlib-metadata" />
+            <item index="25" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="Jinja2" />
+            <item index="26" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="Flask" />
+            <item index="27" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="scipy" />
+            <item index="28" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="click" />
+            <item index="29" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="psutil" />
+          </list>
+        </value>
+      </option>
+    </inspection_tool>
+  </profile>
+</component>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml b/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..105ce2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
+  <settings>
+    <option name="USE_PROJECT_PROFILE" value="false" />
+    <version value="1.0" />
+  </settings>
+</component>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/misc.xml b/.idea/misc.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc9ea49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/misc.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" project-jdk-name="Python 3.10" project-jdk-type="Python SDK" />
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/modules.xml b/.idea/modules.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dd9f1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/modules.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
+    <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml" />
+    </modules>
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/vcs.xml b/.idea/vcs.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94a25f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/vcs.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$" vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/snake game/.idea/.gitignore b/snake game/.idea/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26d3352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snake game/.idea/.gitignore	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Default ignored files
+/shelf/
+/workspace.xml
diff --git a/snake game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml b/snake game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..105ce2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snake game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
+  <settings>
+    <option name="USE_PROJECT_PROFILE" value="false" />
+    <version value="1.0" />
+  </settings>
+</component>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/snake game/.idea/misc.xml b/snake game/.idea/misc.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f58316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snake game/.idea/misc.xml	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" project-jdk-name="Python 3.10 (snake game)" project-jdk-type="Python SDK" />
+  <component name="PyCharmProfessionalAdvertiser">
+    <option name="shown" value="true" />
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/snake game/.idea/modules.xml b/snake game/.idea/modules.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..603a4d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snake game/.idea/modules.xml	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
+    <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/snake game.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/snake game.iml" />
+    </modules>
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/snake game/.idea/snake game.iml b/snake game/.idea/snake game.iml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74d515a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snake game/.idea/snake game.iml	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="PYTHON_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/venv" />
+    </content>
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+  </component>
+</module>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/snake game/donut.png b/snake game/donut.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..236483050fb524ac76ce01ce050932581aac7867
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diff --git a/snake game/index.html b/snake game/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06edd87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snake game/index.html	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+
+
+  <body>
+    <h1>Live streaming</h1>
+    <div>
+
+        <img src="{{ url_for('video') }}" width="50%"/>
+    </div>
+
+    </body>
+
+
+</html>
diff --git a/snake game/main.py b/snake game/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..843844a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snake game/main.py	
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+import math
+import random
+import cvzone
+import cv2
+import numpy as np
+from cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector
+from flask import Flask,render_template,Response
+
+app=Flask(__name__)
+cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
+cap.set(3, 1280)
+cap.set(4, 720)
+
+detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=1)
+
+
+class SnakeGameClass:
+    def __init__(self, pathFood):
+        self.points = []  # all points of the snake
+        self.lengths = []  # distance between each point
+        self.currentLength = 0  # total length of the snake
+        self.allowedLength = 150  # total allowed Length
+        self.previousHead = 0, 0  # previous head point
+
+        self.imgFood = cv2.imread(pathFood, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
+        self.hFood, self.wFood, _ = self.imgFood.shape
+        self.foodPoint = 0, 0
+        self.randomFoodLocation()
+
+        self.score = 0
+        self.gameOver = False
+
+    def randomFoodLocation(self):
+        self.foodPoint = random.randint(100, 1000), random.randint(100, 600)
+
+    def update(self, imgMain, currentHead):
+
+        if self.gameOver:
+            cvzone.putTextRect(imgMain, "Game Over", [300, 400],
+                               scale=7, thickness=5, offset=20)
+            cvzone.putTextRect(imgMain, f'Your Score: {self.score}', [300, 550],
+                               scale=7, thickness=5, offset=20)
+        else:
+            px, py = self.previousHead
+            cx, cy = currentHead
+
+            self.points.append([cx, cy])
+            distance = math.hypot(cx - px, cy - py)
+            self.lengths.append(distance)
+            self.currentLength += distance
+            self.previousHead = cx, cy
+
+            # Length Reduction
+            if self.currentLength > self.allowedLength:
+                for i, length in enumerate(self.lengths):
+                    self.currentLength -= length
+                    self.lengths.pop(i)
+                    self.points.pop(i)
+                    if self.currentLength < self.allowedLength:
+                        break
+
+            # Check if snake ate the Food
+            rx, ry = self.foodPoint
+            if rx - self.wFood // 2 < cx < rx + self.wFood // 2 and \
+                    ry - self.hFood // 2 < cy < ry + self.hFood // 2:
+                self.randomFoodLocation()
+                self.allowedLength += 50
+                self.score += 1
+                print(self.score)
+
+            # Draw Snake
+            if self.points:
+                for i, point in enumerate(self.points):
+                    if i != 0:
+                        cv2.line(imgMain, tuple(self.points[i - 1]), tuple(self.points[i]), (0, 0, 255), 20)
+                cv2.circle(imgMain, tuple(self.points[-1]), 20, (0, 255, 0), cv2.FILLED)
+
+            # Draw Food
+            imgMain = cvzone.overlayPNG(imgMain, self.imgFood,
+                                        (rx - self.wFood // 2, ry - self.hFood // 2))
+
+            cvzone.putTextRect(imgMain, f'Score: {self.score}', [50, 80],
+                               scale=3, thickness=3, offset=10)
+
+            # Check for Collision
+            pts = np.array(self.points[:-2], np.int32)
+            pts = pts.reshape((-1, 1, 2))
+            cv2.polylines(imgMain, [pts], False, (0, 255, 0), 3)
+            minDist = cv2.pointPolygonTest(pts, (cx, cy), True)
+
+            if -1 <= minDist <= 1:
+                print("Hit")
+                self.gameOver = True
+                self.points = []  # all points of the snake
+                self.lengths = []  # distance between each point
+                self.currentLength = 0  # total length of the snake
+                self.allowedLength = 150  # total allowed Length
+                self.previousHead = 0, 0  # previous head point
+                self.randomFoodLocation()
+
+        return imgMain
+
+
+game = SnakeGameClass("donut.png")
+
+def game1():
+    while True:
+        success, img = cap.read()
+        img = cv2.flip(img, 1)
+        hands, img = detector.findHands(img, flipType=False)
+
+        if hands:
+            lmList = hands[0]['lmList']
+            pointIndex = lmList[8][0:2]
+            img = game.update(img, pointIndex)
+        cv2.imshow("Image", img)
+        key = cv2.waitKey(1)
+        if key == ord('r'):
+            game.gameOver = False
+        yield (b'--frame\r\n'
+               b'Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n' + img+ b'\r\n')
+
+@app.route('/')
+def index():
+    return render_template('index.html')
+
+
+@app.route('/video')
+def video():
+    return Response(game1())
+
+
+if __name__=='__main__':
+    app.run()
\ No newline at end of file

From 1346afc2456ae4a41c56eee73667714e16710c61 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kalpak Take <20800689+zeta-punk-x1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Jan 2023 18:30:28 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 49/75] Create decimal_to_binary_converter.py

I came up with this algorithm to convert decimal(natural numbers) to binary completely from scratch and therefore it might not be the best most efficient implementation.
Optimizations are welcome.
---
 math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py

diff --git a/math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py b/math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5aa4f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+def dec_to_bin(n):
+    quo = n 
+    binary = 0
+    while (quo>0):
+        tmp = quo
+        pows = 0
+        while (quo > 1):
+            quo = quo // 2
+            pows = pows + 1 
+        quo = tmp-pow(2,pows)
+        binary = binary+pow(10,pows)
+    return binary
+
+for i in range(0,101):
+    print(dec_to_bin(i))

From 906103c746cf53f3d1e7a6a272657dbb272b10b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kalpak Take <20800689+zeta-punk-x1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Jan 2023 10:32:43 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 50/75] Update test cases code block

---
 math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py b/math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py
index 5aa4f28..a954d0e 100644
--- a/math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py
+++ b/math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ def dec_to_bin(n):
     return binary
 
 for i in range(0,101):
-    print(dec_to_bin(i))
+    print("Decimal:"+str(i)+" Binary:"+str(dec_to_bin(i)))

From f8c5ddb6bb43f286e03c17585e85e1b5f893d257 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kalpak Take <20800689+zeta-punk-x1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Feb 2023 19:06:35 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 51/75] Add introductory comment

---
 math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py b/math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py
index a954d0e..eb5003f 100644
--- a/math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py
+++ b/math/decimal_to_binary_converter.py
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+"""
+I came up with this algorithm to convert decimal(natural numbers only xd) to binary completely from scratch and 
+therefore it might not be the best most efficient implementation.
+Optimizations are welcome.
+"""
 
 def dec_to_bin(n):
     quo = n 
@@ -13,4 +18,4 @@ def dec_to_bin(n):
     return binary
 
 for i in range(0,101):
-    print("Decimal:"+str(i)+" Binary:"+str(dec_to_bin(i)))
+    print("Natural Number:"+str(i)+" Binary:"+str(dec_to_bin(i)))

From 859a8a64c533982eb3de8762905befc38f8cf021 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Anonymous InfoBro
 <132287085+IntelligentInfoBro@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Nov 2023 18:27:43 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 52/75] Create for_loop_fibonnaci

A simple program using for loop to print fibonacci sequence till nth member of the sequence
---
 simple_scripts/for_loop_fibonnaci | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 simple_scripts/for_loop_fibonnaci

diff --git a/simple_scripts/for_loop_fibonnaci b/simple_scripts/for_loop_fibonnaci
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f17dab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/simple_scripts/for_loop_fibonnaci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#printing fibonnaci series till nth element
+def print_fibonacci(n):
+    current_no = 1
+    prev_no = 0
+    for i in range(n):
+        print(current_no, end = " ")
+        prev_no,current_no = current_no, current_no + prev_no
+
+print_fibonacci(10)

From ef824f5400b4b917bb6f555302b6be84e5f765a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Anonymously known
 <132287085+IntelligentInfoBro@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 11:09:52 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 53/75] Create Binary_to_decimal

A program to convert binary string(s) to decimal.
---
 math/Binary_to_decimal | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 62 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 math/Binary_to_decimal

diff --git a/math/Binary_to_decimal b/math/Binary_to_decimal
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a82316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/math/Binary_to_decimal
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# binary_to_decimal.py
+#
+# Description: A program to evaluate  binary to decimal.
+#
+# Author: Chaitanya Mittal
+# Date: 2023-11-17 10:14:20.288913
+
+"""Idea:
+- def a function to decode 1 byte:
+    - get the list
+    - get value by multiplying each element with 2** its index from reverse (pattern observation)
+      .... (instead of this we can multiply index to list reversed)......
+    - return the sum of value
+
+- get input
+- split it to get rid of spaces (assume user is well behaved and will enter 1-space separated string only)
+- convert each byte and compile result in a list
+- print the converted bytes separated by space
+"""
+
+
+def byte_decode(binary):
+    # Convert binary string to list
+    lst = list(binary)[::-1]
+    
+    # Initialize variables
+    length = len(binary)
+    sum = 0
+    
+    # Loop through each character in the binary string
+    for i in range(length):
+        # Calculate value of each bit
+        value = int(lst[i]) * (2 ** i)
+        
+        # Add value to the sum
+        sum += value
+    
+    # Return the final sum
+    return sum
+
+#  ____ Main Program  ____ #
+
+# Get input of the required binary string
+binary = input("Binary: ").split(" ")
+"""  TESTING PURPOSES
+string = ("01010101 01101110 01100100 01100101 0110010 00100000 01011001 01101111 01110101 01110010 00100000 01010011 01100101 01100001 01110100").split()
+binary = list(string)"""
+
+# Initialize an empty list to store 'evaluated' bytes
+bytes_translated = list()
+#translate the byte and append it to the list
+for byte in binary:
+    bytes_translated.append(byte_decode(byte))
+
+# Print the output
+print(f'Evaluated: ', end = "")
+for byte in bytes_translated:
+    print(byte, end = " ")
+print()
+
+
+        

From 7f28e0da493b9b2031e365e9f3a1adabc78f3454 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: virinchi-addanki <123866097+virinchi-addanki@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 20 Jan 2024 13:42:47 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 54/75] Add files via upload

---
 algorithms/string/check_anagram.py | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 algorithms/string/check_anagram.py

diff --git a/algorithms/string/check_anagram.py b/algorithms/string/check_anagram.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec2532a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/string/check_anagram.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+'''An anagram is a word or phrase created by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase.
+For example, the word "heart" can be rearranged to form the word "earth". 
+So, "heart" and "earth" are anagrams of each other.'''
+
+def check_anagram(str1,str2):
+     # Remove all spaces from both the strings
+     # and convert them to lowercase
+    str1 = str1.replace(" ","").lower()
+    str2 =str2.replace(" ","").lower()
+    # if the length of both strings are not equal then return false
+    if len(str1) != len(str2):
+        return False
+    count1 = {}
+    count2 = {}
+    for i in range(len(str1)):
+        count1[str1[i]] = 1+count1.get(str1[i],0)
+        count2[str2[i]] = 1+count2.get(str2[i],0)
+    for c in count1:
+        if count1[c] != count2.get(c,0):
+            return False
+str1 = input()
+str2 = input()
+if check_anagram(str1,str2):
+    print(f"{str1} and {str2} are anagrams")
+else:
+    print(f"{str1} and {str2} are anagrams")
\ No newline at end of file

From 979ca3f0d7986f4405c75ad50967a4f324aba687 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: saquib000 <msaquib124@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2024 15:07:09 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 55/75] added euclids_algorithim.py which finds the gcd using
 euclidean algorithim

---
 euclids_algorithim.py | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 euclids_algorithim.py

diff --git a/euclids_algorithim.py b/euclids_algorithim.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b17ef72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/euclids_algorithim.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Recursive implementation of Euclidean algorithm 
+def gcd(m, n):
+    """
+    Calculates the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two positive integers using the Euclidean algorithm.
+
+    Args:
+        m (int): First positive integer.
+        n (int): Second positive integer.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: The GCD of m and n.
+    """
+    (a, b) = (max(m, n), min(m, n))
+    while b != 0:
+        a, b = b, a % b
+    return a
\ No newline at end of file

From 3132253e7b98f218a4574dc1aa6269f7caf1737d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: saquib000 <msaquib124@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2024 15:14:13 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 56/75] updated euclids_algorithm.py

---
 euclids_algorithim.py => euclids_algorithm.py | 0
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 rename euclids_algorithim.py => euclids_algorithm.py (100%)

diff --git a/euclids_algorithim.py b/euclids_algorithm.py
similarity index 100%
rename from euclids_algorithim.py
rename to euclids_algorithm.py

From bb89e002684443267de85b1f0ac29066385aefa7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Do (A)I Matter?" <20800689+zeta-punk-x1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2024 20:35:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 57/75] Update README.md

---
 README.md | 14 +++++++-------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 16e2c9f..5e56f1e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 # Beginners-Python-Programs
 Basic python CLI programs as examples.<br>
 All the examples are useful examples.<br>
-These examples are of beginners' level.<br>
+These examples are of beginner level.<br>
 <br>
-Hey guys, I wrote these programs when I was just starting up with programming, now I realize that many of 'em feel very un-professional and useless so I decided to go one by one through all and make 'em more useful and professional!
+Update: I wrote these programs when I was just starting out with programming, now I realize that many of them seem quite amateur in their rendering so I've decided to audit through all of them and update them according to my current capabilities.
 <br>
 
-Note: In 2.x versions input isn't useful. Similarly, in 3.x versions raw_input isn't useful. Also, xrange() and other methods are discontinued or changed in 3.x versions of Python. Change the keywords accordingly! 
+Note: In 2.x versions input isn't useful. Similarly, in 3.x versions raw_input isn't useful. Also, xrange() and other methods are discontinued or changed in 3.x versions of Python. Change the keywords accordingly.
 
 <pre>
-<strong>NOTE: WORK IN PROGRESS!
-Files Outside Particular Folders/Directories have not been checked yet!
-Files inside, directories offer much elegant code and explaination
+<strong>NOTE: Work in progress
+Files outside particular directories have not been checked yet
+Files inside, directories offer better code and explanation
 </strong>
 </pre>
 <br><br>
 Also see this : Beginners-Python-Examples/CONTRIBUTING.md<br>
-contact kalpaktake@gmail.com
+contact electric.vision.x19@gmail.com

From 87d706005ff72b55724a98a85515052847990b5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Do (A)I Matter?" <20800689+zeta-punk-x1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2024 20:37:19 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 58/75] Update README.md

---
 README.md | 12 +++++-------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5e56f1e..415e98e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 Basic python CLI programs as examples.<br>
 All the examples are useful examples.<br>
 These examples are of beginner level.<br>
+
+Note: In 2.x versions input isn't useful. Similarly, in 3.x versions raw_input isn't useful. Also, xrange() and other methods are discontinued or changed in 3.x versions of Python. Change the keywords accordingly.
+
 <br>
 Update: I wrote these programs when I was just starting out with programming, now I realize that many of them seem quite amateur in their rendering so I've decided to audit through all of them and update them according to my current capabilities.
 <br>
 
-Note: In 2.x versions input isn't useful. Similarly, in 3.x versions raw_input isn't useful. Also, xrange() and other methods are discontinued or changed in 3.x versions of Python. Change the keywords accordingly.
-
-<pre>
-<strong>NOTE: Work in progress
-Files outside particular directories have not been checked yet
+Files outside particular directories have not been checked yet <br>
 Files inside, directories offer better code and explanation
-</strong>
-</pre>
+
 <br><br>
 Also see this : Beginners-Python-Examples/CONTRIBUTING.md<br>
 contact electric.vision.x19@gmail.com

From 5430199480c06187fe0543efe270230d78385adb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Do (A)I Matter?" <20800689+zeta-punk-x1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2024 20:37:54 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 59/75] Update README.md

---
 README.md | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 415e98e..4f7338e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -8,10 +8,9 @@ Note: In 2.x versions input isn't useful. Similarly, in 3.x versions raw_input i
 <br>
 Update: I wrote these programs when I was just starting out with programming, now I realize that many of them seem quite amateur in their rendering so I've decided to audit through all of them and update them according to my current capabilities.
 <br>
-
+<br>
 Files outside particular directories have not been checked yet <br>
 Files inside, directories offer better code and explanation
-
-<br><br>
+<br>
 Also see this : Beginners-Python-Examples/CONTRIBUTING.md<br>
 contact electric.vision.x19@gmail.com

From 19e68eaeac610aa44648fbc3b92cad400396c36a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Do (A)I Matter?" <20800689+zeta-punk-x1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2024 20:38:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 60/75] Update README.md

---
 README.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 4f7338e..1be585e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -12,5 +12,6 @@ Update: I wrote these programs when I was just starting out with programming, no
 Files outside particular directories have not been checked yet <br>
 Files inside, directories offer better code and explanation
 <br>
+<br>
 Also see this : Beginners-Python-Examples/CONTRIBUTING.md<br>
 contact electric.vision.x19@gmail.com

From a7b718c524b0f20a89b15a3d69479cc7a98b4140 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kal <20800689+kal179@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 12 Jan 2025 19:36:33 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 61/75] Update README.md

---
 README.md | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 1be585e..68cd977 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -14,4 +14,3 @@ Files inside, directories offer better code and explanation
 <br>
 <br>
 Also see this : Beginners-Python-Examples/CONTRIBUTING.md<br>
-contact electric.vision.x19@gmail.com

From a872c36b8fac64055800ea280fc2b1282ffa6a0c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kal <20800689+kal179@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Apr 2025 22:39:10 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 62/75] Update dictionary.py

---
 dictionary.py | 16 ++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dictionary.py b/dictionary.py
index 4d6a6b3..58dacc4 100644
--- a/dictionary.py
+++ b/dictionary.py
@@ -9,27 +9,27 @@ def __init__(self, word, meaning):
 
 	def add_new(self):
 		dictionary[self.word] = self.meaning
-		print ("Word Successfully Added")
+		print("Word Successfully Added")
 
 	def delete_word(self):
 		try:
 			del dictionary[self.word]
-			print ("Word Successfully Deleted")
+			print("Word Successfully Deleted")
 		except KeyError:
-			print "(The Word Does Not Exist in Dictionary. Try Again!")	
+			print("The Word Does Not Exist in Dictionary. Try Again!")	
 			
 	def edit_word(self):
 		try:
 			dictionary[self.word] = self.meaning
-			print ("Word Was Successfully Edited")
+			print("Word Was Successfully Edited")
 		except KeyError:
-			print ("The Word You Trying To Edit Does Not Exist in Dictionary!")	
+			print("The Word You Trying To Edit Does Not Exist in Dictionary!")	
 
 	def view_word(self):
 		try:
-			print (dictionary[self.word])
+			print(dictionary[self.word])
 		except KeyError:
-			print ("The Word is not in Dictionary.")
+			print("The Word is not in Dictionary.")
 
 	def view_all(self):		
 		for i in dictionary.keys():
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def start():
 		nothing.view_all()
 
 	else:
-		print ("Invalid Input. Try again!")			
+		print("Invalid Input. Try again!")			
 
 def end():
 	quit()

From 297ab0f4b04971e61e41adcf7016c1df76ee6560 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Barrenkala Veera Venkata Karthik
 <140957865+Karthik110505@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Apr 2025 22:47:31 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 63/75] Merge pull request #100 from Karthik110505/new_branch

Thanks for the addition!
---
 armstrong_number.py | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/armstrong_number.py b/armstrong_number.py
index dd09992..f0e8d9d 100644
--- a/armstrong_number.py
+++ b/armstrong_number.py
@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@
 
 # initialize sum
 sum = 0
+# finding the length of num
+n = len(str(num))
 
 # find the sum of the cube of each digit
 temp = num
 while temp > 0:
    digit = temp % 10
-   sum += digit ** 3
+   sum += digit ** n # power of n
    temp //= 10
 
 # display the result

From bf36be5189164f7ca2ffecf5d2082cbbbd39bf1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alok070899 <47590533+Alok070899@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2020 15:15:09 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 64/75] Create bigo_notation.py

This Python program can give a graphical idea of Big-O notation.
Hope This can also help you.
---
 algorithms/analysis/bigo_notation.py | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 algorithms/analysis/bigo_notation.py

diff --git a/algorithms/analysis/bigo_notation.py b/algorithms/analysis/bigo_notation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34e673e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/analysis/bigo_notation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from math import log
+import numpy as np
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+%matplotlib inline
+plt.style.use('bmh')
+
+# Set up runtime comparisons
+
+n = np.linspace(1,10,1000)
+labels = ['Constant','Logarithmic','Linear','Log Linear','Quadratic','Cubic','Exponential']
+big_o = [np.ones(n.shape),np.log(n),n,n*np.log(n),n**2,n**3,2**n]
+
+# Plot setup
+
+plt.figure(figsize=(12,10))
+plt.ylim(0,50)
+
+for i in range(len(big_o)):
+    plt.plot(n,big_o[i],label = labels[i])
+
+
+plt.legend(loc=0)
+plt.ylabel('Relative Runtime')
+plt.xlabel('n')

From caae97a36b947ebf4dd924b2353f95e66fa768b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kal <20800689+kal179@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Apr 2025 23:33:04 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 65/75] Create bigo_notation.py

---
 bigo_notation.py | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 bigo_notation.py

diff --git a/bigo_notation.py b/bigo_notation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34e673e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bigo_notation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from math import log
+import numpy as np
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+%matplotlib inline
+plt.style.use('bmh')
+
+# Set up runtime comparisons
+
+n = np.linspace(1,10,1000)
+labels = ['Constant','Logarithmic','Linear','Log Linear','Quadratic','Cubic','Exponential']
+big_o = [np.ones(n.shape),np.log(n),n,n*np.log(n),n**2,n**3,2**n]
+
+# Plot setup
+
+plt.figure(figsize=(12,10))
+plt.ylim(0,50)
+
+for i in range(len(big_o)):
+    plt.plot(n,big_o[i],label = labels[i])
+
+
+plt.legend(loc=0)
+plt.ylabel('Relative Runtime')
+plt.xlabel('n')

From 721a68e3ccf81b49cc9ee84358ace187c6b7f2dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kal <20800689+kal179@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Apr 2025 23:34:45 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 66/75] Update bigo_notation.py

---
 bigo_notation.py | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/bigo_notation.py b/bigo_notation.py
index 34e673e..76670b7 100644
--- a/bigo_notation.py
+++ b/bigo_notation.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Contribution from https://github.com/Alok070899
+
 from math import log
 import numpy as np
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

From 661a8203ba20b3322df23fd4dc4e0c5594492a7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kal <20800689+kal179@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Apr 2025 23:37:40 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 67/75] Create map_example.py

---
 map_example.py | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 map_example.py

diff --git a/map_example.py b/map_example.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a14c01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/map_example.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Contribution by https://github.com/tyadav4268
+
+#This is to demonstrate the use of map function in python
+#Problem Statement: Using the function Map, count the number of words that start with ‘S’ in input_list.
+#Sample Input: ['Santa Cruz','Santa fe','Mumbai','Delhi']
+#Sample Output: 2
+
+#Solution:
+input_list = ['Santa Cruz','Santa fe','Mumbai','Delhi']
+
+count = sum(map(lambda x: x[0] == 'S', input_list))
+
+print(count)        # Output: 2

From a990dbdeb24a3dab0c20ea822c3e3e6960b5b78e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kal <20800689+kal179@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:07:38 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 68/75] Create snake_game.py

---
 snake_game.py | 128 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 128 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 snake_game.py

diff --git a/snake_game.py b/snake_game.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b84b4a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snake_game.py
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# Contribution by https://github.com/Karan9034
+
+import pygame
+import sys
+import random
+
+class Snake(object):
+	def __init__(self):
+		self.length=1
+		self.positions=[((SCREEN_WIDTH/2),(SCREEN_HEIGHT/2))]
+		self.direction=random.choice([UP,DOWN,LEFT,RIGHT])
+		self.color=(17,24,47)
+
+	def get_head_position(self):
+		return self.positions[0]
+
+	def turn(self,point):
+		if self.length>1 and (point[0] * -1, point[1] * -1) == self.direction:
+			return
+		else:
+			self.direction=point
+
+	def move(self):
+		cur=self.get_head_position()
+		x,y=self.direction
+		new=((cur[0] + (x*GRIDSIZE))%SCREEN_WIDTH,(cur[1]+(y*GRIDSIZE))%SCREEN_HEIGHT)
+		if len(self.positions)>2 and new in self.positions[2:]:
+			pygame.quit()
+			sys.exit()
+		else:
+			self.positions.insert(0,new)
+			if len(self.positions)>self.length:
+				self.positions.pop()
+
+	def draw(self,surface):
+		for p in self.positions:
+			r=pygame.Rect((p[0],p[1]),(GRIDSIZE,GRIDSIZE))
+			pygame.draw.rect(surface,self.color,r)
+			pygame.draw.rect(surface,(93,216,228),r,1)
+
+	def handle_keys(self):
+		for event in pygame.event.get():
+			if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
+				pygame.quit()
+				sys.exit()
+			elif event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:
+				if event.key==pygame.K_UP:
+					self.turn(UP)
+				elif event.key==pygame.K_DOWN:
+					self.turn(DOWN)
+				elif event.key==pygame.K_LEFT:
+					self.turn(LEFT)
+				elif event.key==pygame.K_RIGHT:
+					self.turn(RIGHT)
+				elif event.key==pygame.K_ESCAPE:
+					pygame.quit()
+					sys.exit()
+
+class Food(object):
+	def __init__(self):
+		self.position=(0,0)
+		self.color=(233,163,49)
+		self.randomize_position()
+
+	def randomize_position(self):
+		self.position=(random.randint(0,GRID_WIDTH-1)*GRIDSIZE,random.randint(0,GRID_HEIGHT-1)*GRIDSIZE)
+
+	def draw(self,surface):
+		r=pygame.Rect((self.position[0],self.position[1]),(GRIDSIZE,GRIDSIZE))
+		pygame.draw.rect(surface,self.color,r)
+		pygame.draw.rect(surface,(93,216,228),r,1)
+
+def drawGrid(surface):
+	for y in range(0,int(GRID_HEIGHT)):
+		for x in range(0,int(GRID_WIDTH)):
+			if (x+y)%2==0:
+				r=pygame.Rect((x*GRIDSIZE,y*GRIDSIZE),(GRIDSIZE,GRIDSIZE))
+				pygame.draw.rect(surface,(200,200,200),r)
+			else:
+				rr=pygame.Rect((x*GRIDSIZE,y*GRIDSIZE),(GRIDSIZE,GRIDSIZE))
+				pygame.draw.rect(surface,(100,100,100),rr)
+
+SCREEN_WIDTH=480
+SCREEN_HEIGHT=480
+
+GRIDSIZE=20
+GRID_WIDTH=SCREEN_WIDTH/GRIDSIZE
+GRID_HEIGHT=SCREEN_HEIGHT/GRIDSIZE
+
+UP=(0,-1)
+DOWN=(0,1)
+LEFT=(-1,0)
+RIGHT=(1,0)
+
+def main():
+	pygame.init()
+
+	clock=pygame.time.Clock()
+	screen=pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH,SCREEN_HEIGHT),0,32)
+	pygame.display.set_caption("Snake")
+	surface=pygame.Surface(screen.get_size())
+	surface=surface.convert()
+	drawGrid(surface)
+
+	snake=Snake()
+	food= Food()
+
+	myfont=pygame.font.SysFont("monospace",16)
+
+	score=0
+	while True:
+		clock.tick(10)
+		snake.handle_keys()
+		drawGrid(surface)
+		snake.move()
+		if snake.get_head_position()==food.position:
+			snake.length+=1
+			score+=1
+			food.randomize_position()
+		snake.draw(surface)
+		food.draw(surface)
+		screen.blit(surface,(0,0))
+		text=myfont.render("Score: {0}".format(score),1,(0,0,0))
+		screen.blit(text,(5,10))
+		pygame.display.update()
+
+if __name__=="__main__":
+	main()

From fbfe0931a11ff1d947697e60bc2a31b3a2aeb322 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kal <20800689+kal179@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:10:29 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 69/75] Delete .idea directory

---
 .idea/.gitignore                              |  3 --
 .idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml           | 12 ------
 .idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml  | 43 -------------------
 .../inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml  |  6 ---
 .idea/misc.xml                                |  4 --
 .idea/modules.xml                             |  8 ----
 .idea/vcs.xml                                 |  6 ---
 7 files changed, 82 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 .idea/.gitignore
 delete mode 100644 .idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml
 delete mode 100644 .idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml
 delete mode 100644 .idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
 delete mode 100644 .idea/misc.xml
 delete mode 100644 .idea/modules.xml
 delete mode 100644 .idea/vcs.xml

diff --git a/.idea/.gitignore b/.idea/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 26d3352..0000000
--- a/.idea/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Default ignored files
-/shelf/
-/workspace.xml
diff --git a/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml b/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml
deleted file mode 100644
index 8b8c395..0000000
--- a/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<module type="PYTHON_MODULE" version="4">
-  <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
-    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$" />
-    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
-    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
-  </component>
-  <component name="PyDocumentationSettings">
-    <option name="format" value="PLAIN" />
-    <option name="myDocStringFormat" value="Plain" />
-  </component>
-</module>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml b/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index cbe978f..0000000
--- a/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
-  <profile version="1.0">
-    <option name="myName" value="Project Default" />
-    <inspection_tool class="PyPackageRequirementsInspection" enabled="true" level="WARNING" enabled_by_default="true">
-      <option name="ignoredPackages">
-        <value>
-          <list size="30">
-            <item index="0" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="regexp" />
-            <item index="1" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="wincertstore" />
-            <item index="2" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="six" />
-            <item index="3" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="joblib" />
-            <item index="4" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="Werkzeug" />
-            <item index="5" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="scikit-learn" />
-            <item index="6" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="PyYAML" />
-            <item index="7" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="more-itertools" />
-            <item index="8" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="python-dateutil" />
-            <item index="9" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="sklearn" />
-            <item index="10" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="kiwisolver" />
-            <item index="11" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="MarkupSafe" />
-            <item index="12" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="numpy" />
-            <item index="13" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="pyrsistent" />
-            <item index="14" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="pandas" />
-            <item index="15" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="zipp" />
-            <item index="16" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="matplotlib" />
-            <item index="17" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="pytz" />
-            <item index="18" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="pyparsing" />
-            <item index="19" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="xgboost" />
-            <item index="20" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="Flask-Cors" />
-            <item index="21" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="kneed" />
-            <item index="22" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="certifi" />
-            <item index="23" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="Flask-MonitoringDashboard" />
-            <item index="24" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="importlib-metadata" />
-            <item index="25" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="Jinja2" />
-            <item index="26" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="Flask" />
-            <item index="27" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="scipy" />
-            <item index="28" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="click" />
-            <item index="29" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="psutil" />
-          </list>
-        </value>
-      </option>
-    </inspection_tool>
-  </profile>
-</component>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml b/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 105ce2d..0000000
--- a/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
-  <settings>
-    <option name="USE_PROJECT_PROFILE" value="false" />
-    <version value="1.0" />
-  </settings>
-</component>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/misc.xml b/.idea/misc.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index dc9ea49..0000000
--- a/.idea/misc.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" project-jdk-name="Python 3.10" project-jdk-type="Python SDK" />
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/modules.xml b/.idea/modules.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 9dd9f1a..0000000
--- a/.idea/modules.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
-    <modules>
-      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/Beginners-Python-Examples.iml" />
-    </modules>
-  </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/vcs.xml b/.idea/vcs.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 94a25f7..0000000
--- a/.idea/vcs.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
-    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$" vcs="Git" />
-  </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file

From c1eb67d4654c69ededd26c363d4e58e65dd4cf1e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kal <20800689+kal179@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:56:03 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 70/75] Contribution by https://github.com/nightwarriorftw

---
 bell_number.py | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 bell_number.py

diff --git a/bell_number.py b/bell_number.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b47e6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bell_number.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Contribution by https://github.com/nightwarriorftw
+
+#Python program to print bell number
+#Bell Number:-Let S(n, k) be total number of partitions of n elements into k sets. The value of n’th Bell Number is sum of S(n, k) for k = 1 to n. Value of S(n, k) can be defined recursively as, S(n+1, k) = k*S(n, k) + S(n, k-1)
+A sample Bell triangle is as follows:
+1
+1   3
+3   8   13
+13  23  33  43
+#The code to print the bell triangle is as follows-
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+n=int(input("enter the number of bell"))     #taking value from the user
+bell=0                                       #initialising bell to 'zero'
+k=0                                          #initialising k to 'zero'
+for i in range(0,n):                         #loop for changing rows from 0 to n
+    for j in range(0,i+1):                   #printing columns
+        if j==0 and i>0:                     #repeating the last number of previous row in new row
+            print(bell,'',end='')            #printing first number of each line
+        else:
+            k=(i**2)+1+bell                  #to generate other numbers of line
+            print(k,'',end='')               #printing other number in lines
+            bell=k                           #updating value of bell 
+    print('\n')                              #for moving into next lines           
+print("last number of bell is",bell)    

From 60073f5bf85257b822e6950cfa36c14c6e9f7e09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kal <20800689+kal179@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Apr 2025 01:00:16 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 71/75] Update README.md

---
 README.md | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 68cd977..c9aaa63 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 # Beginners-Python-Programs
+<strong>I created this repo years ago when in school. From now it will be available as a public archive only.</strong><br/><br/>
+
 Basic python CLI programs as examples.<br>
 All the examples are useful examples.<br>
 These examples are of beginner level.<br>

From 491e90501afe1b21a0301d277e8f84ca6dfd188f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kal <20800689+kal179@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Apr 2025 01:00:55 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 72/75] Update README.md

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index c9aaa63..84a5388 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Beginners-Python-Programs
-<strong>I created this repo years ago when in school. From now it will be available as a public archive only.</strong><br/><br/>
+<strong>Repository will be available as a public archive only.</strong><br/><br/>
 
 Basic python CLI programs as examples.<br>
 All the examples are useful examples.<br>

From eb419df6d04f16f7dda1b0867d291088d50889c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kal <20800689+kal179@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2025 03:13:01 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 73/75] Final Update to README.md

Message that informs visitors that starting 18 Nov 2025 this Repo will be available as a Public Archive only.
---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 84a5388..18a8244 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Beginners-Python-Programs
-<strong>Repository will be available as a public archive only.</strong><br/><br/>
+<strong>[18 Nov 2025] Final Update: </strong>This was my first Repo and I created it when I was very young and completely new to computer programming. I no longer have time to update/maintain it in anyway.<br>Thus, starting today, <strong>This Repository will be available as a Public Archive only.</strong><br/><br/>
 
 Basic python CLI programs as examples.<br>
 All the examples are useful examples.<br>

From 68e3a0ef5860de90ee294fd97ef5d2d55c31ddf5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kal <20800689+kal179@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2025 03:24:41 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 74/75] Last Final Update Ever (xD) README.md

Message that informs visitors that starting 18 Nov 2025 this Repo will be available as a Public Archive only.
P.S. changed like one word from previous commit.
---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 18a8244..af0ed67 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Beginners-Python-Programs
-<strong>[18 Nov 2025] Final Update: </strong>This was my first Repo and I created it when I was very young and completely new to computer programming. I no longer have time to update/maintain it in anyway.<br>Thus, starting today, <strong>This Repository will be available as a Public Archive only.</strong><br/><br/>
+<strong>[18 Nov 2025] Final Update: </strong>This was my first Repo and I created it when I was quite young and completely new to computer programming. I no longer have time to update/maintain it in anyway.<br>Thus, starting today, <strong>This Repository will be available as a Public Archive only.</strong><br/><br/>
 
 Basic python CLI programs as examples.<br>
 All the examples are useful examples.<br>

From 37af7e647f3feff86896683fbd53f3d5c5b16fab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kal <20800689+kal179@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2025 03:26:51 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 75/75] Last Final Commit Ever README.md

Final Commit:
Message that informs visitors that starting 18 Nov 2025 this Repo will be available as a Public Archive only.
---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index af0ed67..619621c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Beginners-Python-Programs
-<strong>[18 Nov 2025] Final Update: </strong>This was my first Repo and I created it when I was quite young and completely new to computer programming. I no longer have time to update/maintain it in anyway.<br>Thus, starting today, <strong>This Repository will be available as a Public Archive only.</strong><br/><br/>
+<strong>[18 Nov 2025] Final Update: </strong>This was my first Repo and I created it when I was fairly young and completely new to computer programming. I no longer have time to update/maintain it in anyway.<br>Thus, starting today, <strong>This Repository will be available as a Public Archive only.</strong><br/><br/>
 
 Basic python CLI programs as examples.<br>
 All the examples are useful examples.<br>