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<div class="sphx-glr-download-link-note admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Click <a class="reference internal" href="#sphx-glr-download-tutorials-advanced-path-tutorial-py"><span class="std std-ref">here</span></a>
to download the full example code</p>
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<section class="sphx-glr-example-title" id="path-tutorial">
<span id="sphx-glr-tutorials-advanced-path-tutorial-py"></span><h1>Path Tutorial<a class="headerlink" href="#path-tutorial" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h1>
<p>Defining paths in your Matplotlib visualization.</p>
<p>The object underlying all of the <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/patches_api.html#module-matplotlib.patches" title="matplotlib.patches"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.patches</span></code></a> objects is
the <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/path_api.html#matplotlib.path.Path" title="matplotlib.path.Path"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Path</span></code></a>, which supports the standard set of
moveto, lineto, curveto commands to draw simple and compound outlines
consisting of line segments and splines. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Path</span></code> is instantiated
with a (N, 2) array of (x, y) vertices, and a N-length array of path
codes. For example to draw the unit rectangle from (0, 0) to (1, 1), we
could use this code:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.path</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../api/path_api.html#matplotlib.path.Path" title="matplotlib.path.Path" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-path sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class"><span class="n">Path</span></a>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.patches</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">patches</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="c1"># left, bottom</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="c1"># left, top</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="c1"># right, top</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="c1"># right, bottom</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="c1"># ignored</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">codes</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MOVETO</span></a><span class="p">,</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LINETO</span></a><span class="p">,</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LINETO</span></a><span class="p">,</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LINETO</span></a><span class="p">,</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CLOSEPOLY</span></a><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<a href="../../api/path_api.html#module-matplotlib.path" title="matplotlib.path" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib sphx-glr-backref-type-py-module"><span class="n">path</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/path_api.html#matplotlib.path.Path" title="matplotlib.path.Path" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-path sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class"><span class="n">Path</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">codes</span></a><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/figure_api.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-figure sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">fig</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.PathPatch.html#matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" title="matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-patches sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">patch</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.PathPatch.html#matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" title="matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-patches sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class"><span class="n">patches</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PathPatch</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/path_api.html#module-matplotlib.path" title="matplotlib.path" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib sphx-glr-backref-type-py-module"><span class="n">path</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">facecolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'orange'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lw</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_patch.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_patch" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_patch" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-axes sphx-glr-backref-type-py-method"><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_patch</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.PathPatch.html#matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" title="matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-patches sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">patch</span></a><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlim.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlim" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlim" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-axes sphx-glr-backref-type-py-method"><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlim</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylim.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylim" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylim" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-axes sphx-glr-backref-type-py-method"><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylim</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="matplotlib.pyplot.show" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img src="../../_images/sphx_glr_path_tutorial_001.png" srcset="../../_images/sphx_glr_path_tutorial_001.png, ../../_images/sphx_glr_path_tutorial_001_2_0x.png 2.0x" alt="path tutorial" class = "sphx-glr-single-img"/><p>The following path codes are recognized</p>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Code</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Vertices</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">STOP</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>1 (ignored)</p></td>
<td><p>A marker for the end of the entire
path (currently not required and
ignored).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MOVETO</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>Pick up the pen and move to the given
vertex.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LINETO</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>Draw a line from the current position
to the given vertex.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CURVE3</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>2:
1 control point,
1 end point</p></td>
<td><p>Draw a quadratic Bézier curve from the
current position, with the given
control point, to the given end point.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CURVE4</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>3:
2 control points,
1 end point</p></td>
<td><p>Draw a cubic Bézier curve from the
current position, with the given
control points, to the given end
point.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLOSEPOLY</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>1 (the point is ignored)</p></td>
<td><p>Draw a line segment to the start point
of the current polyline.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<section id="bezier-example">
<h2>Bézier example<a class="headerlink" href="#bezier-example" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Some of the path components require multiple vertices to specify them:
for example CURVE 3 is a <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_curve">Bézier</a> curve with one
control point and one end point, and CURVE4 has three vertices for the
two control points and the end point. The example below shows a
CURVE4 Bézier spline -- the Bézier curve will be contained in the
convex hull of the start point, the two control points, and the end
point</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="c1"># P0</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="c1"># P1</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="c1"># P2</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="c1"># P3</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">codes</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MOVETO</span></a><span class="p">,</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CURVE4</span></a><span class="p">,</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CURVE4</span></a><span class="p">,</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CURVE4</span></a><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<a href="../../api/path_api.html#module-matplotlib.path" title="matplotlib.path" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib sphx-glr-backref-type-py-module"><span class="n">path</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/path_api.html#matplotlib.path.Path" title="matplotlib.path.Path" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-path sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class"><span class="n">Path</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">codes</span></a><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/figure_api.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-figure sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">fig</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.PathPatch.html#matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" title="matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-patches sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">patch</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.PathPatch.html#matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" title="matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-patches sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class"><span class="n">patches</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PathPatch</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/path_api.html#module-matplotlib.path" title="matplotlib.path" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib sphx-glr-backref-type-py-module"><span class="n">path</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">facecolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'none'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lw</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_patch.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_patch" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_patch" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-axes sphx-glr-backref-type-py-method"><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_patch</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.PathPatch.html#matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" title="matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-patches sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">patch</span></a><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#tuple" title="builtins.tuple" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-builtins sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">xs</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#tuple" title="builtins.tuple" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-builtins sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">ys</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-axes sphx-glr-backref-type-py-method"><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#tuple" title="builtins.tuple" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-builtins sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">xs</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#tuple" title="builtins.tuple" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-builtins sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">ys</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'x--'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lw</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'black'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ms</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.text.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.text" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.text" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-axes sphx-glr-backref-type-py-method"><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.05</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.05</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'P0'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.text.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.text" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.text" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-axes sphx-glr-backref-type-py-method"><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.15</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.05</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'P1'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.text.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.text" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.text" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-axes sphx-glr-backref-type-py-method"><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.05</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.85</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'P2'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.text.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.text" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.text" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-axes sphx-glr-backref-type-py-method"><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.85</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.05</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'P3'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlim.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlim" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlim" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-axes sphx-glr-backref-type-py-method"><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlim</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylim.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylim" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylim" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-axes sphx-glr-backref-type-py-method"><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylim</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="matplotlib.pyplot.show" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img src="../../_images/sphx_glr_path_tutorial_002.png" srcset="../../_images/sphx_glr_path_tutorial_002.png, ../../_images/sphx_glr_path_tutorial_002_2_0x.png 2.0x" alt="path tutorial" class = "sphx-glr-single-img"/></section>
<section id="compound-paths">
<h2>Compound paths<a class="headerlink" href="#compound-paths" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>All of the simple patch primitives in matplotlib, Rectangle, Circle,
Polygon, etc, are implemented with simple path. Plotting functions
like <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.hist.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.hist" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.hist"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hist()</span></code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.bar.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.bar" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.bar"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar()</span></code></a>, which create a number of
primitives, e.g., a bunch of Rectangles, can usually be implemented more
efficiently using a compound path. The reason <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar</span></code> creates a list
of rectangles and not a compound path is largely historical: the
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/path_api.html#matplotlib.path.Path" title="matplotlib.path.Path"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Path</span></code></a> code is comparatively new and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar</span></code>
predates it. While we could change it now, it would break old code,
so here we will cover how to create compound paths, replacing the
functionality in bar, in case you need to do so in your own code for
efficiency reasons, e.g., you are creating an animated bar plot.</p>
<p>We will make the histogram chart by creating a series of rectangles
for each histogram bar: the rectangle width is the bin width and the
rectangle height is the number of datapoints in that bin. First we'll
create some random normally distributed data and compute the
histogram. Because NumPy returns the bin edges and not centers, the
length of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bins</span></code> is one greater than the length of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">n</span></code> in the
example below:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># histogram our data with numpy</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">data</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/random/generated/numpy.random.randn.html#numpy.random.randn" title="numpy.random.randn" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy-random sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randn</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">n</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">bins</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.histogram.html#numpy.histogram" title="numpy.histogram" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">histogram</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">data</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>We'll now extract the corners of the rectangles. Each of the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">left</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bottom</span></code>, etc, arrays below is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">len(n)</span></code>, where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">n</span></code> is
the array of counts for each histogram bar:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># get the corners of the rectangles for the histogram</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">left</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.array.html#numpy.array" title="numpy.array" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">bins</span></a><span class="p">[:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">right</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.array.html#numpy.array" title="numpy.array" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">bins</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:])</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">bottom</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.zeros.html#numpy.zeros" title="numpy.zeros" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeros</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">left</span></a><span class="p">))</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">top</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">bottom</span></a> <span class="o">+</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">n</span></a>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Now we have to construct our compound path, which will consist of a
series of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MOVETO</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LINETO</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLOSEPOLY</span></code> for each rectangle.
For each rectangle, we need five vertices: one for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MOVETO</span></code>,
three for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LINETO</span></code>, and one for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLOSEPOLY</span></code>. As indicated
in the table above, the vertex for the closepoly is ignored but we still
need it to keep the codes aligned with the vertices:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="builtins.int" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-builtins sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">nverts</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="builtins.int" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-builtins sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">nrects</span></a><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.zeros.html#numpy.zeros" title="numpy.zeros" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeros</span></a><span class="p">((</span><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="builtins.int" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-builtins sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">nverts</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">codes</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ones.html#numpy.ones" title="numpy.ones" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ones</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="builtins.int" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-builtins sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">nverts</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LINETO</span></a>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">codes</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MOVETO</span></a>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">codes</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CLOSEPOLY</span></a>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">left</span></a>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">bottom</span></a>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">left</span></a>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">top</span></a>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">right</span></a>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">top</span></a>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">right</span></a>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">bottom</span></a>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>All that remains is to create the path, attach it to a
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.PathPatch.html#matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" title="matplotlib.patches.PathPatch"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PathPatch</span></code></a>, and add it to our axes:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><a href="../../api/path_api.html#matplotlib.path.Path" title="matplotlib.path.Path" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-path sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">barpath</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/path_api.html#matplotlib.path.Path" title="matplotlib.path.Path" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-path sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class"><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">codes</span></a><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.PathPatch.html#matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" title="matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-patches sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">patch</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.PathPatch.html#matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" title="matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-patches sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class"><span class="n">patches</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PathPatch</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/path_api.html#matplotlib.path.Path" title="matplotlib.path.Path" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-path sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">barpath</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">facecolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'green'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">edgecolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'yellow'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">alpha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_patch.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_patch" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_patch" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-axes sphx-glr-backref-type-py-method"><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_patch</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.PathPatch.html#matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" title="matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-patches sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">patch</span></a><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.patches</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">patches</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.path</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">path</span>
<a href="../../api/figure_api.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-figure sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">fig</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># Fixing random state for reproducibility</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/random/generated/numpy.random.seed.html#numpy.random.seed" title="numpy.random.seed" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy-random sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seed</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">19680801</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># histogram our data with numpy</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">data</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/random/generated/numpy.random.randn.html#numpy.random.randn" title="numpy.random.randn" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy-random sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randn</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">n</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">bins</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.histogram.html#numpy.histogram" title="numpy.histogram" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">histogram</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">data</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># get the corners of the rectangles for the histogram</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">left</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.array.html#numpy.array" title="numpy.array" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">bins</span></a><span class="p">[:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">right</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.array.html#numpy.array" title="numpy.array" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">bins</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:])</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">bottom</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.zeros.html#numpy.zeros" title="numpy.zeros" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeros</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">left</span></a><span class="p">))</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">top</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">bottom</span></a> <span class="o">+</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">n</span></a>
<a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="builtins.int" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-builtins sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">nrects</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">left</span></a><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="builtins.int" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-builtins sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">nverts</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="builtins.int" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-builtins sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">nrects</span></a><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.zeros.html#numpy.zeros" title="numpy.zeros" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeros</span></a><span class="p">((</span><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="builtins.int" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-builtins sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">nverts</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">codes</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ones.html#numpy.ones" title="numpy.ones" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ones</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="builtins.int" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-builtins sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">nverts</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LINETO</span></a>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">codes</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MOVETO</span></a>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">codes</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html#numpy.uint8" title="numpy.uint8" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-attribute"><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CLOSEPOLY</span></a>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">verts</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html#numpy.ndarray" title="numpy.ndarray" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">left</span></a>
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