examples.py

########################################################
# Full exercise kit on http://www.practicepython.org
#
#
#
import random
import string
import sys

import numpy
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

########################################################
# / Some cool and funny examples //
########################################################

########################################################
# Example 1 - Password Generator
########################################################
# 1 - Basic example

# s = string.printable
# passlen = 8
#
# p = "".join(random.sample(s,passlen))
# print(p)


# 2 - Somewhat more fun

def pw_gen(size=8, chars=string.printable):
    return ''.join(random.choice(chars) for _ in range(size))


# print('Password is '+ pw_gen())
print('Password is ' +
      pw_gen(int(input('How many characters in your password?'))))

########################################################
# Reverse word order solutions
########################################################


# 1 - Simple loop
def reverse(x):
    y = x.split()
    result = []
    for word in y:
        result.insert(0, word)
    return " ".join(result)


test1 = input('Enter your sentence:')
print(reverse(test1))


# 2 - A quick one-liner solution is like this
def reverseSentence(x):
    return ''.join(x.split()[::-1])


enter = input('Your sentence goes here: ')
print(reverseSentence(enter))


########################################################
# Example 2 : Rock paper scissors game
########################################################

user1 = input('What is your name?')
user2 = input('and your name?')
user1_answer = input('%s, do you want to choose rock, paper or scissors?' % user1)
user2_answer = input('%s, do you want to choose rock, paper or scissors?' % user2)


def compare(u1, u2):
    if u1 == u2:
        return("Tts s tie!")
    elif u1 == 'rock':
        if u2 == 'scissors':
            return('Rock wins!')
        else:
            return('Paper wins!')
    elif u1 == 'scissors':
        if u2 == 'paper':
            return('Scissors wins!')
        else:
            return('Rock wins!')
    elif u1 == 'paper':
        if u2 == 'rock':
            return('Paper wins!')
        else:
            return('Scissors wins!')
    else:
        return("Incorrect input! You must enter rock, paper or scissors. Try "
               "one more time")
        sys.exit()


print(compare(user1_answer, user2_answer))

########################################################
# Example 3 : Tic Tac toe
########################################################

# Draw a game board

a = '---'.join('    ')
b = '   '.join('||||')
print('\n'.join((a, b, a, b, a, b, a)))


# Drawing a board
def drawboard(board):
    print('    |   |   ')
    print('' + board[6] + '    | ' + board[7] + '  |   ' + board[8])
    print('    |   |   ')
    print('---------------')
    print('    |   |   ')
    print('' + board[3] + '    | ' + board[4] + '  | ' + board[5])
    print('    |   |   ')
    print('-----------------')
    print('    |   |   ')
    print('' + board[0] + '    | ' + board[1] + '  |' + board[2])
    print('    |   |   ')


drawboard(['', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', ''])


# Simple Game
game = [[2, 2, 1], [1, 1, 2], [1, 2, 1]]
set_row = ()
set_col = ()


def line_match(game):
    for i in range(3):
        set_row = set(game[i])
        if len(set_row) == 1 and game[i][0] != 0:
            return game[i][0]
    return 0


def diagonal_match(game):
    if game[1][1] != 0:
        if game[1][1] == game[0][0] == game[2][2]:
            return game[1][1]
        elif game[1][1] == game[0][2] == game[2][0]:
            return game[1][1]
    return 0


if line_match(game) > 0:
    print(str(line_match(game)) + str(' row wins!'))
if line_match(numpy.transpose(game)) > 0:
    print(str(line_match(numpy.transpose(game))) + str(' column wins!'))
if diagonal_match(game) > 0:
    print(str(diagonal_match(game)) + str(' diagonal wins!'))


# More elaborate interactive game

def draw_line(width, edge, filling):
    print(filling.join([edge] * (width + 1)))


def draw_board(width, height):
    draw_line(width, " ", "__")
    for i in range(height):
        draw_line(width, "|", "__")
    print("\n")


def display_winner(player):
    if player == 0:
        print("Tie")
    else:
        print("Player " + str(player) + " wins!")


def check_row_winner(row):
    """
    Return the player number that wins for that row.
    If there is no winner, return 0.
    """
    if row[0] == row[1] and row[1] == row[2]:
        return row[0]
    return 0


def get_col(game, col_number):
    return [game[x][col_number] for x in range(3)]


def get_row(game, row_number):
    return game[row_number]


def check_winner(game):
    game_slices = []
    for index in range(3):
        game_slices.append(get_row(game, index))
        game_slices.append(get_col(game, index))

        # check diagonals
        down_diagonal = [game[x][x] for x in range(3)]
        up_diagonal = [game[0][2], game[1][1], game[2][0]]
        game_slices.append(down_diagonal)
        game_slices.append(up_diagonal)

    for game_slice in game_slices:
        winner = check_row_winner(game_slice)
        if winner != 0:
            display_winner(winner)
            return winner

    display_winner(winner)
    return winner


def start_game():
    return [[0, 0, 0] for x in range(3)]


def display_game(game):
    d = {2: "O", 1: "X", 0: " "}
    game_string = []
    for row_num in range(3):
        new_row = []
        for col_num in range(3):
            new_row.append(d[game[row_num][col_num]])
        game_string.append(new_row)
    print(game_string)


def add_piece(game, player, row, column):
    """
    game: game state
    player: player number
    row: 0-index row
    column: 0-index column
    """
    game[row][column] = player
    return game


def convert_input_to_coordinate(user_input):
    return user_input - 1


def switch_player(player):
    return 2 if player == 1 else 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    game = start_game()
    display_game(game)
    player = 1

    # go on forever
    while True:
        print("Currently player: " + str(player))
        row = convert_input_to_coordinate(int(input("Which row? (start with 1) ")))
        column = convert_input_to_coordinate(int(input("Which column? (start with 1) ")))
        game = add_piece(game, player, row, column)
        display_game(game)
        player = switch_player(player)

########################################################
# Example 4 : Decoding a website
########################################################


base_url = 'http://www.nytimes.com/'
r = requests.get(base_url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, 'lxml')

for story_heading in soup.find_all(class_="story-heading"):
    if story_heading.a:
        print(story_heading.a.text.replace("\n", " ").strip())
    else:
        print(story_heading.contents[0].strip())

########################################################
# Example 5 : Guess capital of a state
########################################################


capitals_dict = {
    'Alabama': 'Montgomery',
    'Alaska': 'Juneau',
    'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
    'Arkansas': 'Little Rock',
    'California': 'Sacramento',
    'Colorado': 'Denver',
    'Connecticut': 'Hartford',
    'Delaware': 'Dover',
    'Florida': 'Tallahassee',
    'Georgia': 'Atlanta',
    'Hawaii': 'Honolulu',
    'Idaho': 'Boise',
    'Illinois': 'Springfield',
    'Indiana': 'Indianapolis',
    'Iowa': 'Des Moines',
    'Kansas': 'Topeka',
    'Kentucky': 'Frankfort',
    'Louisiana': 'Baton Rouge',
    'Maine': 'Augusta',
    'Maryland': 'Annapolis',
    'Massachusetts': 'Boston',
    'Michigan': 'Lansing',
    'Minnesota': 'Saint Paul',
    'Mississippi': 'Jackson',
    'Missouri': 'Jefferson City',
    'Montana': 'Helena',
    'Nebraska': 'Lincoln',
    'Nevada': 'Carson City',
    'New Hampshire': 'Concord',
    'New Jersey': 'Trenton',
    'New Mexico': 'Santa Fe',
    'New York': 'Albany',
    'North Carolina': 'Raleigh',
    'North Dakota': 'Bismarck',
    'Ohio': 'Columbus',
    'Oklahoma': 'Oklahoma City',
    'Oregon': 'Salem',
    'Pennsylvania': 'Harrisburg',
    'Rhode Island': 'Providence',
    'South Carolina': 'Columbia',
    'South Dakota': 'Pierre',
    'Tennessee': 'Nashville',
    'Texas': 'Austin',
    'Utah': 'Salt Lake City',
    'Vermont': 'Montpelier',
    'Virginia': 'Richmond',
    'Washington': 'Olympia',
    'West Virginia': 'Charleston',
    'Wisconsin': 'Madison',
    'Wyoming': 'Cheyenne',
}


states = list(capitals_dict.keys())

for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:
    state = random.choice(states)
    capital = capitals_dict[state]
    capital_guess = input("What is the capital of " + state + "? ")
    if capital_guess == "Exit":
        print("Goodbye")
        break

    if capital_guess == capital.lower():
        print("Correct! Awesome job.")
    else:
        print("Incorrect. The capital of " + state + " is " + capital + ".")
print("We're all done here!")


###########################################################
# Example 6: Fibonacci series
###########################################################
# define the function
def fib():
    num = int(input("How many numbers that generates?:"))
    i = 1
    if num == 0:
        fib = []
    elif num == 1:
        fib = [1]
    elif num == 2:
        fib = [1, 1]
    elif num > 2:
        fib = [1, 1]
        while i < (num - 1):
            fib.append(fib[i] + fib[i - 1])
            i += 1
    return fib


print(fib())
input()

# Declare x upfront
x = int(input("How many fibonacci's you want: "))


def fib(x):
    a = 0
    b = 1
    i = 0
    fiblist = []
    while i < x:
        a, b = b, a + b
        fiblist.append(a)
        i = i + 1
    return fiblist


print(fib(x))


# Another way to do it

def fibo(num):
    s1 = 0
    s2 = 1
    l = []
    for i in range(num + 1):
        s2 = s2 + s1
        s1 = s2 - s1
        l.append(s2)
        print(l)


num = int(input("Add a range of numbers: "))
fibo(num)

###########################################################
# Example 7: Defining a maximum of three
###########################################################

# do the following
# python maxofthree.py num1 num2 num3

if len(sys.argv) < 4:
    print('Usage <value1> <value2> <value3>')
    sys.exit(1)

arg1 = sys.argv[1]
arg2 = sys.argv[2]
arg3 = sys.argv[3]


def maxfunction(a, b, c):
    if (a > b) and (a > c):
        print('Max value is :', a)
    elif (b > a) and (b > c):
        print('Max value is :', b)
    elif (c > a) and (c > b):
        print('Max value is :', c)


maxfunction(arg1, arg2, arg3)